MODELLING GROWING SPACE FOR ARAUCARIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509832085Keywords:
Parana-pine, crown diameter, crown surfaceAbstract
This study was developed in order to model the growing space for Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze trees. A total of 869 Parana pine trees were sampled in three municipalities in southern Brazil, being 175 trees with free growing of competition in the municipalities of Canoinhas (SC state) and Lages (SC state), and 694 under influence of competition in natural forest in the municipalities of São Francisco de Paula (RS state) and Lages (SC state). In each tree was measured diameter at breast height, total height and crown rays following the directions of the cardinal points. The crown diameter was determined by doubling the value of the average radius of the crown. Three models were fitted and evaluated the fit statistics, accuracy and residual graphical analysis, according to the municipality and growth condition. When comparing the equations, covariance analysis indicated that there is no significant difference between the level and slope of the crown diameter equations of open growth trees and under competition in different places where data were sampled. A single equation was defined to estimate the crown diameter as a function of the diameter at breast height for this species.
Downloads
References
ALVARES, C. A. et al. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart, v. 22, p. 711-728, 2013.
ARNEY, J. D. Tables for quantifying competitive stress on individual trees. Victoria: Canadian Forestry Service, 1973.
ASSMANN, E. The principles of forest yield study. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1970. 506 p.
BECHTOLD, W. A. Crown-diameter prediction models for 87 species of stand-grown trees in the eastern United States. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, Bethesda, v. 27, p. 269-278, 2003.
BECHTOLD, W. A.; MIELKE, M. E.; ZARNOCH, S. J. Comparison of field methods and models to estimate mean crown diameter. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, Bethesda, v. 19, n. 4, p. 177-182, 2002.
BELLA, I. E. A new competition model for individual trees. Forest Science, Bethesda, v. 17, p. 364-372, 1971.
BROWN, P. L.; DOLEY, D.; KEENAN, R. J. Stem and crown dimensions as predictires of thinning responses in a crowded tropical rainforest plantation of Flindersia brayeyana F. Muell. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 196, p. 379-392, 2004.
CÔRTE, A. P. D.; CANALEZ, G. G.; SANQUETTA, C. R. Caracterização da estrutura vertical e do dossel de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista. Ambiência, Guarapuava, v. 3, n. 1, p. 13-25, 2007.
COSTA, E. A. Influência de variáveis dendrométricas e morfométricas da copa no incremento periódico de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Lages, SC. 2011. 140 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2011.
COSTA, E. A.; FINGER, C. A. G.; CUNHA, T. A. Influência da posição social e do número de raios na estimativa da área de copa em araucária. Revista Floresta, Curitiba, v. 43, n. 3, p. 429-438, 2013.
COSTA, E. A. Modelagem biométrica de árvores com crescimento livre e sob competição em floresta de araucária. 2015. 235 f. (Doutorado em Engenharia Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2015.
DANIELS, R. F.; BURKHART, H. E.; CLASON, T. R. A comparison of competition measures for predicting growth of loblolly pine trees. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Ottawa, v. 16, n. 6, p. 1230-1237, 1986.
FIALA, A. C. S.; GARMAN, S. L; GRAY, A. Comparison of five canopy-cover estimation techniques in the western Oregon Cascades. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 232, p. 188-197, 2006.
FOLI, E. G. et al. Modelling growing space requirements for some tropical forest tree species. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 173, p. 79-88, 2003.
GETZIN, S. et al. Scale-dependent competition at the stand level assessed from crown areas. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 255, p. 2478-2485, 2008.
GILL, S. J.; BIGING, G. S.; MURPHY, E. C. Modeling conifer tree crown radius and estimating canopy cover. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 126, p. 405-416, 2000.
GROTE, R. Estimation of crown radii and crown projection area from stem size and tree position. Annals of Forest Science, Les Ulis, v. 60, p. 393-402, 2003.
HASENAUER, H. Dimensional relationships of open-grown trees in Austria. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 96, p. 197-206, 1997.
HEMERY, G. E.; SAVILL, P. S.; PRYOR, S. N. Applications of the crown diameter-stem diameter relationship for different species of broadleaved trees. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 215, p. 285-294, 2005.
KAMAL, T. et al. Growing space requirement for Tectona Grandis, Dipterocarpus Turbinatus and Syzygium Grande: A modelling Approach of Bangladesh. The Chittagong University Journal of Biological Sciences, Chittagong, v. 28, p. 85-94, 2004.
KRAJICEK, J. E.; BRINKMAN, K. A.; GRINGRICK, S. F. Crown competition: a measure of density. Forest Science, Bethesda, v. 7, n. 1, p. 35-42, 1961.
LOCKHART, B. R.; WEIH, R. C.; SMITH, J. K. M. Crown radius and diameter at breast height relationships for six bottomland hardwood species. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Russellville, v. 59, p. 110-115, 2005.
LONGHI, S. J. A estrutura de uma floresta natural de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze, no Sul do Brasil. 1980. 198 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 1980.
MÁRQUEZ-LINARES, M. A.; ALVAREZ-ZAGOYA, R. Construcción de uma guia de densidade para Pinus cooperi var. ornelasi com base em la classe de copa em Durango, México. Madera y Bosques, Cidade do México, v. 1, n. 2, p. 23-36, 1995.
MCINTOSH, A. C. S.; GRAY, A. N.; GARMAN, S. L. Estimating canopy cover from standard Forest Inventory Measurements in Western Oregon. Forest Science, Bethesda, v. 58, p. 154-167, 2012.
MILLIKEN, G. A.; JOHNSON, F. E. Analysis of messy data volume III: analysis of covariance. Boca Raton: Chapman e Hall; CRC, 2002. 605 p.
NASCIMENTO, R. G. M. et al. Relações dendrométricas de Araucaria angustifolia. Nota científica, Colombo, v. 30, n. 64, p. 369-374, nov./dez. 2010.
NUTTO, L.; SPATHELF, P.; ROGERS, R. Managing diameter growth and natural pruning of Parana pine, Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O Ktze., to produce high value timber. Annals of Forest Science, Les Ulis, v. 62, p. 163-173, 2005.
PEDERSEN, R. O. et al. On the evaluation of competition indices - The problem of overlapping samples. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 310, p. 120-133, 2013.
RUSSELL, M. B.; WEISKITTEL, A. R. Maximum and largest crown width equations for 15 tree species in Maine. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, Bethesda, v. 28, p. 84-91, 2011.
SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ, M.; CAÑELLAS, I.; MONTERO, G. Generalized height-diameter and crown diameter prediction models for cork oak forest in Spain. Investigación Agraria Sistemas Recursos Forestales, Madrid, v. 16, p. 76-88, 2007.
SANQUETTA, C. R.; CORTE, A. P. D.; JACON, A. D. Crown area and trunk diameter relationship for tree species at a mixed-araucaria natural forest in the mid-southern Parana state, Brazil. Floresta, Curitiba, v. 41, n. 1, p. 63-72, 2011.
SAS INSTITUTE. The SAS System for Windows. Cary: SAS Institute. 2004.
SCHNEIDER, P. R.; SCHNEIDER, P. S. P. Introdução ao manejo florestal. Santa Maria: FACOS; UFSM, 2008. 566 p.
SCHULER, J. et al. Modelling growing space of four valuable broadleaved tree species in southern China. Forest Science and Practice, Berlin, v. 15, p. 167-178, 2013.
SEITZ, R. A. Erste Hinweise für die waldbauliche Behandlung von Araukarienwäldern. Annales des Sciences Forestiéres, Paris, n. 43, p. 327-338, 1986.
WACHTEL, G. Untersuchungen zu struktur und dynamik eines araukarien-naturwaldes in Südbrasilien. 1990. 180 f. Dissertation (Meister) - Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 1990.
