La influencia del transtorno del espectro autista (TEA) en las relaciones entre hermanos: Una revisión integrativa de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1984686X92396Palabras clave:
Trastorno del espectro autista, Hermanos, RelaciónResumen
La familia, especialmente los padres y hermanos, constituye el núcleo donde se forman las primeras relaciones interpersonales, proporcionando apoyo y seguridad. Cuando un hermano es diagnosticado con un Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), se producen cambios significativos en la dinámica familiar para ajustarse a las necesidades específicas del niño con TEA. Estos cambios, que afectan a las rutinas y al tiempo de calidad en familia, pueden influir en el comportamiento, las competencias socioemocionales y las relaciones entre hermanos. Se propone analizar, a través de una revisión integradora de la literatura, la influencia del TEA en las relaciones entre hermanos. De este modo, se identificaron 18 estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2024, cuyas metodologías se centran en investigaciones cualitativas, cuantitativas y mixtas. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron: Web of Science, Scopus y Scielo. La búsqueda se realizó utilizando palabras clave en portugués europeo y brasileño, así como en inglés, a saber: en portugués: TEA O autismo Y hermanos Y relaciones; hermanos Y TEA; en inglés: ASD OR autism spectrum disorder AND siblings; siblings AND ASD. El estudio concluye que, aunque las relaciones entre hermanos con y sin TEA son desafiantes, también promueven el desarrollo de habilidades sociales y emocionales. Se destaca la importancia del apoyo familiar y comunitario para minimizar los impactos negativos y fortalecer los vínculos familiares.
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