Squall line in the Amazon region and the transport of gas near the surface during the occurrence of downdraft

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X81657

Keywords:

Downdraft, Gases, Amazon

Abstract

The squall lines (LI) are one of the most frequent atmospheric systems in the Amazon and in the north of Northeast Brazil. Can be interpreted as planned according to the planned regions and modified as the planned configuration terms for the corresponding regions. Its cause is related to the circulation of the sea breeze and the diurnal oscillation, and they are important for the transport of heat to the upper troposphere. Its maximum activity can be observed at night. In tropical regions, especially in the Amazon, deep convection events are closely related to the occurrence of updrafts and downdrafts of air. As offspring, known as downdrafts, originate at higher levels, and are composed of layer of dense air that spreads out into the ground as a “cold pool compound” shifted to changes in wind direction near the ground. Downdraft is the link between deep convection and the sources and sinks of trace gases such as (O3) and (CO2).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Gilmar Henrique Santana da Silva, Federal University of Para

Graduated in Degree in Physics - Qualification: Degree in Physics by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará (IFPA), Campus Belém. Researching convective activities in the Amazon region, with emphasis on thermodynamic indicators, wind shear and gas transport from the middle troposphere to the surface, during deep convection/downdraft events.

Cléo Quaresma Dias Junior, Federal Institute of Pará

Graduated in PHYSICS from the Federal University of Pará (2005), MSc in Environmental Sciences from the Federal University of Pará (2008) and PhD in Climate and Environment from the National Institute for Research in the Amazon (2015). During his doctorate he did an internship at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT - Germany). He is currently a professor at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará. He has experience in Geosciences, with emphasis on Micrometeorology, working mainly on the following topics: Turbulent exchange processes at the forest-atmosphere interface; Large Eddy Simulation - LES; Transport of Energy and Matter during episodes of downdrafts, Estimates of the height of the Amazonian atmospheric boundary layer, mass and energy fluxes at the forest-atmosphere interface via turbulent eddies covariance. Since 2021 He is coordinator of the micrometeorology of the Observatório da Torre Alta da Amazônia (ATTO) project. He is a professor of the graduate programs in Climate and Environment (INPA) and Environmental Sciences (UFPA)

Júlia Clarinda Paiva Cohen, Federal University of Para

Graduated in Meteorology from the Federal University of Pará (1983), Master in Meteorology from the National Institute for Space Research (1988) and Ph.D. in Atmospheric Sciences from the University of São Paulo (1996), Post-Doc at the University of Albany - State University of New York (2008). She is a Professor at the Federal University of Pará, where she carries out her activities in the Meteorology Graduation course and in the Interinstitutional Post-Graduation Program (UFPA-MPEG-EMBRAPA) with an interdisciplinary focus. He develops research on mesoscale convective systems, as well as being interested in studies that analyze the role of deforestation on local circulations and convective systems.

Stefan Aiko Wolff, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry

Master in meteorology - Leibniz Universitat Hannover (2007). He is currently a doctoral candidate in the Climate and Environment program (CLIAMB) at the National Institute for Research in the Amazon (INPA)

References

Alfaro, D.A. Low-tropospheric shear in the structure of squall lines: Impacts on latent heating under layer-lifting ascent. J. Atmos. Sci. 2017, 74, 229–248. [CrossRef]

Betts AK, and Gatti LV, and Cordova AM, and Dias, Maria AF Silva and Fuentes JD. Transport of ozone to the surface by convective downdrafts at night. J. Geophys. Res. 2002; 107:LBA–13.

Cohen, J.C.P.; Dias, M.A.F.S.; Nobre, C.A. Environmental Conditions Associated with Amazonian Squall Lines: A Case Study. Mon. Weather Rev. 1995, 123, 3163–3174.

Garstang, M.; Massie, H.L., Jr.; Halverson, J.; Greco, S.; Scala, J. Amazon Coastal Squall Lines. Part I: Structure and Kinematics. Mon. Weather Rev. 1994, 122, 608–622.

Garstang, M.; White, S.; Shugart, H.H.; Halverson, J. Convective cloud downdrafts as the cause of large blowdowns in the Amazon rainforest. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 1998, 67, 199–212.

Gerken, T.; Wei, D.; Chase, R.J.; Fuentes, J.D.; Schumacher, C.; Machado, L.A.; Andreoli, R.V.; Chamecki, M.; de Souza, R.A.F.; Freire, L.S.; et al. Downward transport of ozone rich air and implications for atmospheric chemistry in the Amazon rainforest. Atmos. Environ. 2016, 124 Pt A, 64–76. [CrossRef]

Houze, R.A., Jr. Observed structure of mesoscale convective systems and implications for large- scale heating. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1989, 115, 425–461.

Meischner, P.; Baumann, R.; Höller, H.; Jank, T. Eddy dissipation rates in thunderstorms estimated by Doppler radar in relation to aircraft in situ measurements. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 2001, 18, 1609–1627. [CrossRef]

Nesbitt, S.W.; Cifelli, R.; Rutledge, S.A. Storm Morphology and Rainfall Characteristics of TRMM Precipitation Features. Mon. Weather Rev. 2006, 134, 2702–2721.

Peters, O.; Neelin, J.D.; Nesbitt, S.W. Mesoscale convective systems and critical clusters. J. Atmos. Sci. 2009, 66, 2913–2924.

Silva Dias, M.A.F.; Rutledge, S.; Kabat, P.; Silva Dias, P.L.; Nobre, C.; Fisch, G.; Dolman, A.J.; Zipser, E.; Garstang, M.; Manzi, A.O.; et al. Cloud and rain processes in a biosphere-atmosphere interaction context in the Amazon Region. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2002, 107, LBA 39-1–LBA 39- 18.

Skamarock, W.C.; Weisman, M.L.; Klemp, J.B. Three-dimensional evolution of simulated long- lived squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci. 1994, 51, 2563–2584.

Verrelle, A.; Ricard, D.; Lac, C. Evaluation and improvement of turbulence parameterization inside deep convective clouds at kilometer-scale resolution. Mon. Weather. Rev. 2017, 145, 3947–3967. [CrossRef]

Cover image V. 45, Especial Edition, 2023. XXII Workshop Brasileiro de Micrometeorologia.

Downloads

Published

2023-11-22

How to Cite

Silva, G. H. S. da, Dias Junior, C. Q., Cohen, J. C. P., & Wolff, S. A. (2023). Squall line in the Amazon region and the transport of gas near the surface during the occurrence of downdraft. Ciência E Natura, 45(esp. 2), e81657. https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X81657

Issue

Vol. 45 No. esp. 2 (2023): XII Workshop Brasileiro de Micrometeorologia

Section

Special Edition

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Ciência e Natura

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

To access the DECLARATION AND TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT LICENSE click here.

 

Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication

The Ciência e Natura journal is committed to ensuring ethics in publication and quality of articles. 

Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: Authors, Editors, Reviewers, and the Publisher.

In particular, 

Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review Articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The Authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. The corresponding Author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all Co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.

Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An Editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the Author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.

Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that Authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected Reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the Editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Most read articles by the same author(s)