Producción científica sobre el capacitismo en la universidad: una revisión bibliográfica integradora
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https://doi.org/10.5902/1984686X68635Palabras clave:
Capacitismo, Enseñanza superior, PatologizaciónResumen
Comprender cómo se reproduce el capacitismo en la educación superior es fundamental para eliminar las barreras de acceso al conocimiento y garantizar la participación social de las personas con discapacidad en este espacio. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la producción científica sobre el capacitismo en la educación superior en términos de perspectivas conceptuales, las principales implicaciones para las personas con discapacidad y los elementos que sustentan la construcción de prácticas anticapacitista. La información se obtuvo mediante una revisión integradora de la literatura que abarca 36 artículos disponibles en las bases de datos Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science, One File y ERIC, publicados entre 2000 y 2020. Los hallazgos se analizaron mediante un protocolo de revisión elaborado por los autores. Los resultados se organizaron en tres categorías: a) perspectivas conceptuales sobre el capacitismo; b) reproducción del capacitismo en educación superior y; c) contribuciones a la construcción de prácticas anticapacitistas. Se identificó que el capacitismo está institucionalizado en la educación superior y corrobora la patologización y medicalización de las personas con corporalidades que se desvían del estándar normativo. La construcción de prácticas anticapacitistas exige un análisis crítico de las narrativas capacitistas, la incorporación de la perspectiva interseccional, y el compromiso con la eliminación de barreras y la participación de las personas con discapacidad. Finalmente, se destaca la relevancia de incorporar la categoría capacitismo en la producción de conocimiento, la formación de profesionales que trabajan en la educación superior y en las políticas educativas brasileñas
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