BIOMETRIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONS IN THE DIAMETRIC INCREMENT OF <i>Araucaria angustifolia</i> IN SANTA CATARINA’S PLATEAU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509835107Keywords:
multivariate analysis, forest management, Araucaria forest, bioenvironmental factors.Abstract
This study analyzes the relation between biometric, environmental and morphometric variables and the average annual increase in the diameter of a native forest of Araucaria angustifolia in Lages, SC state. To do so, we used dendrochronological data obtained from 121 dominant and competitor trees. The trees were separated into three diametrical classes, ranging from 10 cm to 29.9 cm (C1), 30 to 49.9 cm (C2) and above 50 cm of DBH (C3). The database was formed by a matrix with 121 trees and 23 environmental, dendrometric and morphometric variables, which included flow direction, flow accumulation, solar radiation, face of insolation, slope, altitude, average diameter increment, diameter at breast height, height, distance (dominant/competitive), canopy rays in the north, south, east and west, basal area, age, average ray of canopy, canopy diameter, canopy area, average diameter increment by geographic direction. These variables were obtained using the algorithms from the Digital Elevation Model of the area. The relations were interpreted based on the results of multivariate analysis, using Cluster analysis, factor analysis and principal component analysis. The trees had diameters ranging from 10 and 87.6 cm and heights between 5.3 and 21 m, with average annual increment in diameter of 0.708 cm, with an average of 40 in retrospective analysis. Together with the use of these techniques, we were able to distinguish two groups and six different factors that explain 81.5% of the variance, being formed by morphometric and biometric characteristics of the increment and the relationships with environmental variables. The techniques of multivariate analysis can be applied to aid the decision-making in forest management, because they proved the correlation between the average increment in diameter (essential to compose the forest cutting cycle) and its relation to environmental factors, index form, space and dimension of individuals.Downloads
References
ALVES JUNIOR, F. T. et al. Utilização do quociente de Liocourt na avaliação da distribuição diamétrica em fragmentos de floresta ombrófila aberta em Pernambuco. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 20, n. 2, p. 307-319, abr./jun. 2010.
ASSMANN, E. The principles of forest yield study. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1970. 506 p. AUSTREGÉSILO, S. L. et al. Comparação de métodos de prognose da estrutura diamétrica de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual secundária. Revista Árvore, Viçosa, MG, v. 28, n. 2, p. 227-232, 2004.
BAUHUS, J. Rooting patterns of old-growth forests: is aboveground structural and functional diversity mirrowed belowground? In: WIRTH, C. et al. (Ed.). Oldgrowth Forests. Locl: [s. n.], 2009. p. 211–229. (Ecological Studies, 207).
BINKLEY D. et al. Light absorption and use efficiency in forests: why patterns differ for trees and stands. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 288, p. 5-13, 2013.
CATTANEO, N. et al. Sex-related, growth-climate association of Araucaria angustifolia in the neotropical ombrophilous woodlands of Argentina. Dendrochronologia, Italy, v. 31, p.147-152, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2013.01.005
COATES, K. D.; CANHAM, C. D.; LEPAGE, P. T. Above versus below ground competitive effects and responses of a guild of temperate tree species. Journal of Ecology, Oxford, v. 97, n. 1, p. 118-30, 2009.
CUNHA, T. A. Modelagem do incremento de árvores individuais de Cedrela odorata L. na Floresta Amazônica. 2009. 87 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal) – Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2009. EPAGRI - EMPRESA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA E EXTENSÃO RURAL DE SANTA CATARINA. Dados e informações biofísicas da Unidade de Planejamento Regional Planalto Sul Catarinense – UPR 3. Florianópolis: EPAGRI; CIRAM, 2002. 70 p.
FELFILI, J. M. Diameter and height distributions in a gallery forest community and some of its main species in central Brazil over a six-year period (1985-1991). Revista Brasileira de Botânica, São Paulo, v. 20, p. 155-162, 1997.
FINGER, C. A. G. Biometria florestal. Santa Maria: CEPEF; FATEC; UFSM, 2006. 284 p.
HASENAUER, H.; MONSERUD, R. A. A crown ratio model for Austrian forests. Forest Ecology and Manegement, Amsterdam, v. 84, p. 49-60, 1996. HESS, A. F. et al. Proposta de manejo de Araucaria angustifolia utilizando o quociente de Liocourt e análise de incremento, em propriedade rural no município de Lages, SC. Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, Colombo, v. 30, n. 64, p. 337-345, nov./dez. 2010.
IBGE. Manual técnico da vegetação brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 1992. 92 p. (Série Manuais Técnicos em Geociências, 1).
ISHII, I. H. Estudos dendrocronológicos em matas ciliares do pantanal. In: COLETÂNEA DE SEMINÁRIOS TÉCNICOS DO CPA-PANTANAL, 1996/1997, Corumbá. Anais... Corumbá: Embrapa Pantanal, 2000. p. 43-44.
IZQUIERDO, G. G. et al. Climate-growth variability in Quercus ilex L. west Iberian open woodlands of different stand density. Annals of Forest Science, Les Ulis, v. 66, p. 1-12, 2009. doi: 10.1051/forest/2009080
JENSON, S. K. E.; DOMINGUE, J. O. Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information system analysis. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, Maryland, v. 54, n. 11, p. 1593-1600, 1988.
LEITE, P. F.; KLEIN, R. M. Vegetação. In: IBGE. Diretoria de Geociências. Geografia do Brasil: Região Sul. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 1990. 420 p.
MOYA, J.; LARA, A. Cronologías de ancho de anillos de queñoa (Polylepis tarapacana) para los últimos 500 años en el Altiplano de la región de Arica y Parinacota, Chile. Bosque, Chile, v. 32, n. 2, p. 165-173, 2011.
MONSERUD, R.; STERBA, H. A. A basal area increment model for individual trees growing in even-and-uneven-aged forest stands in Austria. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 80, p. 57-80, 1996. NUTTO, L. et al. Utilização dos parâmetros da copa para avaliar o espaço vital em povoamentos de Pinus elliottii Engelm. Boletim de Pesquisa Florestal, Colombo, n. 42, p. 123-138, 2001.
PAULA, A. et al. Sucessão ecológica da vegetação arbórea em uma floresta estacional semidecidual, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Acta Botânica Brasílica, São Paulo, n. 18, v. 3, p. 407-423, 2004.
PRETZSCH, H. Forest dynamics, growth and yield. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009. 671 p.
PRETZSCH, H. Canopy space filling and tree crown morphology in mixed-species stands compared with monocultures. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, p. 8-14, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.04.027
PRETZSCH, H.; BIBER, P. Size-symmetric versus size-asymmetric competition and growth partitioning among trees in forest stands along an ecological gradient in central Europe. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Ottawa, v. 40, n. 2, p. 370-384, 2010.
PRETZSCH, H. et al. Effect of variable retention cutting on the relationship between growth of coarse roots and stem of Picea mariana. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Ottawa, p. 222-233, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2014.903992.
ROMAN, M.; BRESSAN, D. A.; DURLO, M. A. Variáveis morfométricas e relações interdimensionais para Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 19, n. 4, p. 473-480, out./dez. 2009.
SANQUETTA, C. R. et al. Inventários florestais: planejamento e execução. 2. ed. Curitiba: Multi-Graphic, 2009. 316 p.
SCHNEIDER, P. R.; SCHNEIDER, P. S. P. Introdução ao manejo florestal. Santa Maria: FACOS; UFSM, 2008. 566 p.
SIMINSKI, A. et al. Sucessão Florestal Secundária no município de São Pedro de Alcântara, litoral de Santa Catarina: estrutura e diversidade. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 14, n. 1, p. 21-33, 2004.
SPEER, J. H. Fundamentals of tree-ring research. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2010. 333 p.
THOMPSON, J. A.; BELL, J. C.; BUTLER, C. A. Digital elevation model resolution: effects on terrain attribute calculation and quantitative soil-landscape modeling. Geoderma, v. 100, n. 1/2, p. 67-89, mar., 2001. Doi: 10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00081-1.
VANCLAY, J. K. Modelling Forest growth and yield: applications to mixed tropical forests. Wallingford: CAB International, 1994. 312 p.
VELOSO, H. P.; GÓES FILHO, L. Fitogeografia brasileira: classificação fisionômica-ecológica da vegetação neotropical. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 1982. 80 p. (Boletim Técnico Projeto Radambrasil, Série Vegetação, 1).
WICHMANN, L. Annual variations in competition symmetry in even-aged Sitka Spruce. Annals of Botany, Oxford, v. 88, p. 145–151, 2001.
WORBES, M. et al. Tree ring analysis reveals age structure, dynamics and wood production of a natural forest stand in Cameroon. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 173, p. 105-123, 2003. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00814-3
ZANON, M. L. B.; FINGER, C. A. G. Relação de variáveis meteorológicas com o crescimento das árvores de Araucaria angustifolia (bertol.) kuntze em povoamentos implantados. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 20, n. 3, p. 467-476, jul./set. 2010.
