Using the inflection point height in the wind profile to obtain dimensionless profiles above the amazon forest
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X53225Keywords:
Dimensionless Profiles, Inflection point height of the vertical wind profile, Turbulence, Amazon RainforestAbstract
The most turbulent vortices that populate the forest-atmosphere interface have canopy height length scales. These vortices are mainly responsible for turbulent exchanges between inside and above canopy region. Thus, we used the vertical wind profiles obtained by 10 anemometers installed inside and above the forest canopy of the Rebio-Jarú experimental site, in the Amazon Rainforest. A third degree polynomial function was developed to better fit the wind profile and therefore estimate the inflection point height of the vertical wind profile (zi) a length scale associated with wind shear (Ls), and the wind speed at height zi. These length and velocity scales were used to obtain better fits for the dimensional wind profiles and turbulence statistical moments. Three dimensionless profile models were compared using friction velocity, wind velocity in zi and wind velocity at canopy height. It was observed that the dimensionless profiles using the velocity and shear calculated at zi provided support for the elaboration of more realistic parameterization of the turbulent exchange processes that occur both at the forest-atmosphere interface and inside the canopy.
Downloads
References
ACTON, E. The Modelling of Large Eddies in a Two-Dimensional Shear Layer, J. Fluid. Mech. 76, 561–592, 1976.
BOSVELD, F. C.; HOLTSLAG, A. A. M.; VAN DEN HURK, B. J. J. M. Nighttime convection in the interior of a dense douglas fir forest, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v. 93, p.171-195, 1999.
BROWN, G. L. and ROSHKO, A. On Density Effects and Large Structures in Turbulent Mixing Layers, J. Fluid. Mech. 64, 775–816, 1974.
CHOR, T. L.; DIAS, N. L.; ARAÚJO, A.; WOLFF, S.; ZAHN, E.; MANZI, A. O.; TREBS, I.; SÁ, M. O.; TEIXEIRA, P. R.; SÖRGE, M. Flux-variance and flux-gradient relationships in the roughnesssublayer over the Amazon forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 239, 213–222, 2017.
DIAS-JÚNIOR, C. Q.; SÁ, L. D. A.; PACHÊCO, V. B.; SOUZA, C. M de. Coherent structures detected in the unstable atmospheric surface layer above the Amazon forest. Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics (ISSN: 0167-6105). v. 115: 1-8, doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2012.12.019, 2013.
DIAS-JÚNIOR, C. Q.; SÁ, L. D.; MARQUES FILHO, E. P.; SANTANA, R. A.; MAUDER, M.; MANZI, A. O. Turbulence regimes in the stable boundary layer above and within the Amazon forest. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 233, 122-132, 2017.
DIAS-JÚNIOR, C. Q.; DIAS, N. L.; SANTOS, R. M. N. DOS; SÖRGEL, M; ARAÚJO, A.; TSOKANKUNKU, A; DITAS, F.; SANTANA, R. A. de; VON RANDOW, C.; SÁ, M.; PÖHLKER, C.; MACHADO, L. A. T.; SÁ, L. D.; MORAN-ZULOAGA, D.; JANSSEN, R.; ACEVEDO, O.; OLIVEIRA, P.; FISCH, G.; CHOR, T.; MANZI, A. O. Is there a classical inertial sublayer over the Amazon forest?. Geophysical Research Letters, v. 46, n. 10, p. 5614-5622, 2019.
FINNIGAN, J. Turbulence in plant canopies. Annual review of fluid mechanics, 32(1), 519-571, 2000.
HÖGSTRÖM, U.; BERGSTRÖM, H. Organized turbulence in the near-neutral atmospheric surface layer. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, v. 53, n. 17, p. 2452-2464, Sep. 1996.
MAHRT, L.; Lee, X.; BLACK, A.; NEUMANN, H.; STAEBLER, R. M. Nocturnal mixing in a forest subcanopy. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 101, p. 67-78, 2000.
MARSHALL, B.J.; WOOD, C.J.; GARDINER, B.A.; BELCHER, B.E. Conditional sampling of forest canopy gusts. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 102, 225-251, 2002.
MCWILLIAM, A. L. C.; CABRAL, O. M. R.; GOMES, B. M.; ESTEVES, J. L.; ROBERTS. J. Forest and pasture leaf-gas exchange in south-east Amazonia. In: Gash, J. H. C.; Nobre, C. A.; Roberts, J. M.; Victoria, R. L. eds. Amazonia deforestation and climate. Chicester: John Wiley. p. 265-285, 1996.
PAW U, K.T.; BRUNET, Y.; COLLINEAU, S.; SHAW, R.H.; MAITANI, T.; QIU, J.; HIPPS, L. On coherent structures in turbulence within and above agricultural plant canopies. Agric. For. Meteorol., 61: 55-68, 1992.
RAUPACH, M. R.; FINNIGAN, J. J.; BRUNET, Y. Coherent eddies and turbulence in vegetation canopies: the mixing-layer analogy. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v. 78, n. 3-4, p. 351-382, Mar. 1996.
SÁ, L. D. A.; PACHÊCO, V.B. Wind Velocity Above and Inside Amazonian Rain Forest in Rondônia. Braz. J. Meteorol. 21, 50-58, 2006.
SHUTTLEWORTH, J. W.; GASH, J. H. C.; LLOYD, C. R.; MOORE, C. J.; ROBERTS, J.; MARQUES FILHO, A. O.; FISCH, G. F.; SILVA FILHO, V. P.; RIBEIRO, M. N. G.; MOLION, L. C. B.; SÁ, L. D. A.; NOBRE, C. A.; CABRAL, O. M. R.; PATEL S. R.; MORAES, J. C. Daily variations of temperature and humidity within and above Amazonian forest. Weather, v. 40, n. 4, p.102-108, 1985.
THOMAS, C.; FOKEN, T. Flux contribution of coherent structures and its implications for the exchange of energy and matter in a tall spruce canopy. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 123(2), 317-337, 2007.
THOM, A. S.; STEWART, J. B.; OLIVER H. R.; GASH, J. H. C. Comparison of aerodynamic and energy budget estimates of fluxes over a pine forest. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, v.101, n. 427, p. 93-105, Jan. 1975.
VICKERS, D.; MAHRT, L. Fetch Limited Drag Coefficients. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 85, 1: 53-79, October, 1997.
WRIGHT, J. R.; NOBRE, C. A.; TORNASELLA, J.; ROCHA, H. R. DA; ROBERT, J. M.; VERTAMATTI, E.; CULF, A. D.; ALVALÁ, R. C. DOS S.; UBARANA, V. N. Towards a GCM parameterization for Amazônia. In: Gash, J. H. C.; Nobre, C. A.; Roberts, J. M.; Victoria, R. L., eds. Amazonia deforestation and climate. Chicester: John Wiley, p. 473-504, 1996.
ZAHN, E.; DIAS, N. L.; ARAÚJO, A.; SÁ, L. D. A.; SÖRGE, M.; TREBS, I.; WOLFF, S.; MANZI, A. O. Scalar turbulent behavior in the roughness sublayer of na Amazonian forest. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11349–11366, 2016.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
To access the DECLARATION AND TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT LICENSE click here.
Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication
The Ciência e Natura journal is committed to ensuring ethics in publication and quality of articles.
Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: Authors, Editors, Reviewers, and the Publisher.
In particular,
Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review Articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The Authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. The corresponding Author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all Co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.
Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An Editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the Author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.
Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that Authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected Reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the Editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.