Turbulent velocity and temperature probability density functions in the Amazonian surface boudary layer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X36916Abstract
We present a statistical model for the distribution of increments of wind velocity and temperature of turbulence data measured in the atmospheric surface layer above the Amazonian forest, on a micrometeorological tower in Rebio-Jaru Reserve (10°04' S; 61°56' W) during LBA (Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) wet season campaign. The data were measured using 3D Campbell sonic anemometer and a Campbell fast response thermometer located at a height of 66 m (the forest canopy has a mean height of 35 m; but some of the higher tree branches may reach the height of 45 m), at a sampling rate of 60 Hz. The goal of this investigation is to detect noextensivity properties of the turbulent field in such a peculiar environment. To do this we calculate the probability density function (PDF) for wind velocity increments Vr(x) = V(x) - V(x+r) (and temperature increments) at different length scales r. The preliminary results show some evidence that the nonextensive thermostatistics modelling proposed by Tsallis (1988) provides a new and simple framework for explaining the statistical behavior of fully developed mechanical turbulence. We also investigate the relationship between intermittency and nonextensivity using a single parameter q, from Tsallis thermostatistics. The results of the wind velocity turbulent signals measured at the level of 66m show a very good agreement with the Tsallis model but the temperature signals show some discrepancy with respect to the proposed model. Physical discussions are proposed to explain our results.Downloads
References
Antonia, R. A.; Hopfinger, E. J.; Gagne, Y.; Anselmet, F., Temperature structure functions in turbulent shear flows, Physical Review A, v. 30, n. 5, p. 2704-2707, Nov. 1984.
Baerentsen, J. H. and Berkowicz, R. Monte Carlo Simulation of Plume Dispersion in the Convective Boundary Layer, Atmospheric Environment, v. 18, n. 4, p. 701-712, 1984.
Balanchandar, S. and Sirovich, L. Probability distribution function in turbulent convection. Physics of Fluids A, v. 3, n. 5, p. 919-927, May 1991.
Castaing, B.; Gagne, Y.; Hopfinger, E. J. Velocity probability density functions of high Reynolds number turbulence. Physica D, v. 46, p. 177-200, 1990.
Chu, C. R.; Parlange, M. B.; Katul, G. G.; Albertson, J. D. Probability density functions of turbulent velocity and temperature in the atmospheric surface layer, Water Resources Research, v. 32, n. 6, p. 1681-1688, Jun. 1996.
Culf, A. D.; Esteves, J. L.; Marques Filho, A. O. and Rocha, H. R. Radiation, temperature and humidity over forest and pasture in Amazonia, In: Amazonian Deforestation and Climate, C. A. Nobre, J.H.C. Gash, J.M. Roberts and R.L. Victoria Eds., Wiley: 175-191, Chichester, 1996.
Fitzjarrald, D. R. and Moore, K. E. Mechanisms of Nocturnal Exchange Between the Rain Forest and the Atmosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, n. D10, p. 16839-16850, Sep. 1990.
Fitzjarrald, D. R.; Moore, K. E.; Cabral, O. M. R.; Scolar, J.; Manzi, A. O.; Sá, L. D. A. Daytime Turbulent Exchange Between the Amazon Forest and the Atmosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, n. D10, p. 16825-16838, Sep. 1990.
Frisch, U. From global scaling, à la Kolmogorov, to local multifractal scaling in fully developed turbulence, In: Turbulence and Stochastic Processes: Kolmogorov's Ideas 50 Years On, J.C.R. Hunt, O. M. Phillips and D Williams Eds., Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: 434, 89-99, London, 1991.
Frisch, U. Turbulence, Cambridge University Press, 296 pp., Cambridge, 1995.
Gannabathula, S. S. D. P.; Castro JR., W. E.; Sá, L. D. A.; Vittal Murty, K. P. R.; Wavelet Analysis of Coherent Structures Above and Within the Amazon Rain Forest, Preprints of the 15th Conference on Hydrology, TRMM Hydrology, 80th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society: 375-378, American Meteorological Society, Long Beach, CA, 9-14 January 2000.
Gledzer, E. On the Taylor hypothesis corrections for measured energy spectra of turbulence, Physica D, v. 104, p. 163-183, 1997.
Högström, U. and Bergström, H. Organized Turbulence in the Near-Neutral Atmospheric Surface Layer, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, v. 53, n. 17, p. 2452-2464, Sep. 1996.
Jaberi, F. A.; Miller, R. S.; Madnia, C. K.; Givi, P. Non-Gaussian scalar statistics in homogeneous turbulence, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, v. 313, p. 241-282, Apr. 1996.
Kaimal, J. C.; Wyngaard, J. C.; Izumi, Y.; Coté, O. R. Spectral Characteristics of surface layer turbulence, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, v. 98, n. 417, p. 563-589, July 1972.
Katul, G. G.; Parlange, M. B.; Chu, C. R. Intermittency, local isotropy, and non-Gaussian statistics in atmospheric surface layer turbulence, Physics of Fluids, v. 6, n. 7, p. 2480-2492, July 1994.
Kevlahan, N. K.-R. and Vassilicos, J. C. The space and scale dependencies of the self-similar structure of turbulence, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, v. 447, p. 341-363, 1994.
Kolmogorov, A. N. A refinament of previous hypotheses concerning the local structure of turbulence in a viscous incompressible fluid at high Reynolds number, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, v. 13, p. 82-85, 1962.
Kraichnan, R. H. On Kolmogorov's inertial-range theories, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, v. 62 (part. 2), p. 305-330, 1974.
Kraichnan, R. H. Turbulent cascade and intermittency growth, In: Turbulence and Stochastic Processes: Kolmogorov's Ideas 50 Years On, J.C.R. Hunt, O. M. Phillips and D. Williams Eds., Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: 434: 65-78, London 1991.
Lumley, J. L. Some Comments on Turbulence, Physics of Fluids, v. A4, n. 2, p. 203-211, Feb. 1992.
Monin, A. S. and YAglom, A. M. Statistical Fluid Mechanics: Mechanics of Turbulence, MIT-Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971, 769 p.
Nelkin, M. In What Sense Is Turbulence an Unsolved Problem?", Science, v. 255, n. 5044, p. 566-570, 1992.
Sá, L. D. A. et al. General aspects of the Rebio-Jaru amazon forest micrometeorological tower LBA wet season campaign with some of its preliminary results. Preprints of the 15th Conference on Hydrology, TRMM Hydrology: 369-372, 80th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society, Long Beach, CA, 9-14, January 2000.
Tennekes, H. and Lumley, J. L. A First Course in Turbulence, MIT-Press, Cambridge, MA, 1972, 300 p.
Sinai, Ya. G. and Yakhot, V. Limiting probability distribution of a passive scalar in a random velocity field. Physical Review Letters, v. 63, n. 18, p. 1962-1964, Oct. 1989.
Sreenivasan, K. R. and Antonia, R. A. The Phenomenology of Small-Scale Turbulence, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, v. 29, p. 435-472, 1997.
Tsallis, C. Possible generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. Journal of Statistical Physics, v. 52, n. 1-2, 1988.
Tsallis, C., Levy, S. V. F., Souza, A. M. C.; Maynard, R. Statistical-mechanical foundation of the ubiquity of Levy distributions in nature. Physical Review Letters., v. 75, p. 3589-3593, 1995.
Van Atta, C. Local isotropy of the smallest scales of turbulent scalar and velocity fields, In: Turbulence and Stochastic Processes: Kolmogorov's Ideas 50 Years On, J.C.R. Hunt, O. M. Phillips and D. Williams Eds., Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: 434, 139-147, London, 1991.
Vassilicos, J.C. Turbulence and intermittency. Nature, v. 374, n. 6521, p. 408-409, 1995.
Yakhot, V.; She, Z.-S.; Orszag, S. A . Deviations from the classical Kolmogorov theory of the inertial range of homogeneous turbulence. Physics of Fluids, v. A1, n. 2, p. 289-293, Feb. 1989.
Zhu, Y.; Antonia, R. A.; Hosokawa, I. Refined similarity hypotheses for turbulent velocity and temperature fields. Physics of Fluids, v. 7, n. 7, p. 1637-1648, July 1995.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
To access the DECLARATION AND TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT LICENSE click here.
Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication
The Ciência e Natura journal is committed to ensuring ethics in publication and quality of articles.
Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: Authors, Editors, Reviewers, and the Publisher.
In particular,
Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review Articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The Authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. The corresponding Author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all Co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.
Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An Editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the Author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.
Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that Authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected Reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the Editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.
