EFFECTS OF SPACEMENT AND SHOOT AGE ON MORPHOMETRY OF Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill. STANDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/198050981725Keywords:
erva-mate, reforestation, biometrics, crown, pruning.Abstract
This work shows morphometric characteristics of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. pruned under reforestation. The study was carried out in Catanduvas, Santa Catarina State. All trees (about 14 years old) were cultivated in soil with similar characteristics. The experiment followed a randomized block design arranged in a factorial 3 x 3 corresponding to three distances between the rows of trees (3, 4, and 5 m) and three distances between trees within the rows (2, 3, and 4 m). The trees were divided into two groups. Each group was pruned in September or in January, when the crown was 24 or 28 months old, respectively. All trees were bifurcated near the ground, and, therefore, the perimeter at this level did not show a significant correlation with the crown biomass. The comparison of basal area and number of trunks per plant at the highs of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m, showed that the ideal position to evaluate the trunk attributes was 0.60 m above the ground. The basal area of the trees at this position (g6) reduced with the reduction of the distance between the rows and between the trees within the rows (P < 0.05). The number of trunks per plant measured at 0.6 m above the ground (Nt6) was significantly affected by the distance between plants within the row, with the lowest value been observed when the distance between plants was 2 m. The crown diameter of the trees (Dc8) was higher on trees cultivated under higher spacing between the rows. Crown length and the total high of the trees (ht) were significantly affected by the distance between the rows and by the distance between the trees within the rows. Crown ratio (Cc/ht) was only affected by the distance between plants within the rows. The degree of coverage (Dc8/ht) was affected by the distance between rows. The crown shape (Dc8/Cc) values were close to unity, since the trees showed crown diameter proportional to the crown length.
Downloads
References
ASSMANN, E. The principles of forest yield study. New York: Pergamon Press, 1970. 506p.
CANADELL, J.; RIBA, M.; ANDRÉS, P. Biomass equations for Quercus ilex L. in the Montseny Massif, Northeastern Spain. Forestry, v.61, n.2, p.137-147, 1988.
CROW, T.R.; LAIDLY, P.R. Alternative models for estimating woody plant biomass. Can. J. For. Res., v. 10, p. 367-370, 1980.
DEAN, T.J.; LONG, J.N. Variation in sapwood area-leaf area relation within two stands of Lodgpole Pine. Forest Science, v. 32, n. 3, p. 749-758, 1986.
DURLO, M.A.; DENARDI, L. Morfometria de Cabralea canjerana, em mata secundária nativa do Rio Grande do Sul. Ciência Florestal, v. 8, n. 1, p. 55-66, 1998.
FOSSATI, L.C. Avaliação do estado nutricional e da produtivi¬dade de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St Hil.) em função do sítio e da dioicia. 1997. 107f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal) Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 1997.
LEITE, P.F.; KLEIN, R.M. Vegetação. In: MESQUITA, O. V. (Coord.) Geografia do Brasil: Região Sul. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 1990. v. 2., p. 113-150.
MÄKINEN, H. Effect of stand density on radial growth of branches of scots pine in southern and central Finland. Can. J. For. Res., v. 29, p. 1216-1224, 1999.
MATTHECK, C. Trees: the mechanical design. Berlin: Springer, 1991. 121p.
MOTTA, F.S.; BEIRSDORF, M.J.C.; GARCEZ, R.B. Zoneamento agrícola do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina: normas agro-climáticas. Pelotas: Ministério da Agricultura, 1971. 80p.
MUNARETO, N. Manejo de planta. In: CURSO DE CAPACITACION EN PRODUCION DE YERBA MATE, 1., 1992, Cerro Azul. Anais... Cerro Azul: INTA, Centro Regional Sul, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul, 1992. p. 35-36.
O’CONNELL, B.M.; KELTY, M.J. Crow architecture of understory and open-grown white pine (Pinus strobus L.) saplings. Tree Physiology, v. 14, p. 89-102, 1994.
PORTER, J.L. Modules, models and meristems in plant architecture. In: RUSSELL, G.; MARSHALL, B. ; JARVIS, P.G. Plant canopies: their growth, form and function. Cambridge: University Press, 1989. Cap. 8, p. 143-159.
PRAT KRICUN, S.D.; BELINGHERI, L.D. Disposicion, distanciamento y densidade de plantaciones de yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St Hil.). In: CURSO DE CAPACITACION EN PRODUCION DE YERBA MATE, 1., 1992. Cerro Azul. Anais... Cerro Azul: INTA, Centro Regional Sul, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul, 1992. p. 27-30.
SANTA CATARINA. Gabinete de Planejamento e Coordenação Geral. Subchefia de Estatística, Geografia e Informática. Atlas de Santa Catarina. Rio de Janeiro: Aerofoto Cruzeiro, 1986. 173p. Tab. Graf. Col.
SCHNEIDER, C.; PETRY, G. Aspectos da cultura da erva-mate na região de Erebango, município de Getúlio VargasRS, em propriedade da Empresa Hoppen, Petry e Cia Ltda. In: SEMINÁRIO SOBRE ATUALIDADES E PERSPECTIVAS FLORESTAIS: SILVICULTURA DA ERVA-MATE, 10., 1983, Curitiba. Anais... Curitiba: EMBRAPA, CNPF, 1985. p. 64-70. (Documentos, 15).
SPSS. SPSS for Windows: programa de computador. USA, 1996, Versão 7.5.1.
STERBA, H. Forstliche Ertragslehre. Wien: Universität für Bodenkultur, 1992. 160p. (Heft, 4).
WHITTAKER, R.H.; WOODWELL, G.M. Dimension and production relations of trees and shrubs in the Brookhaven forest. J. Ecology, v. 56, p. 1-25, 1968.
