The Ideal of Environmental Protection as Protected Areas: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X63107Keywords:
Protected Areas, Preservation, Conservation, Environmental ManagementAbstract
This article analyzes the evolution process of the Protected Areas and the changes in views regarding environmental protection. It is a literature review. In Brazil and other countries, the Protected Areas were created according to international models with different conceptions, mainly the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) recommendations. In the IUCN International Protected Areas System, specific categories of strict sense protected areas allow natural resources and human occupation. In others not. The debate on this issue remains controversial worldwide. On the one hand, there are preservationists (strict protection believers) who argue that only sites with the objective of strict preservation should have the status of Protected Areas. Conservationists believe that such sites could maintain this status, even though they are not exclusively focused on strict preservation. The historical trend persists in considering land use and access to natural resources in occupying space, emphasizing issues of their domain and management, causing conflicts of views and interests. As a result, the establishment and maintenance of areas to be protected become more complex, mainly when they are historically occupied and used by man.
Downloads
References
BENSUSAN, N. Diversidade e unidade: um dilema constante. Uma breve história da ideia de conservar a natureza em áreas protegidas e seus dilemas. In: BENSUSAN, N., PRATES, A. P., Editoras. A diversidade cabe na unidade? Áreas Protegidas no Brasil. Brasília: IEB Mil Folhas; 2014, p.30-81.
BENSUSAN, N. Conservação da biodiversidade em áreas protegidas. Rio de Janeiro: FGV Editora; 176 p., 2006.
BENSUSAN, N., PRATES, A. P. A diversidade cabe na unidade? In: In: BENSUSAN, N., PRATES, A. P., Editoras. A diversidade cabe na unidade? Áreas Protegidas no Brasil. Brasília: IEB Mil Folhas; 2014, p.716-721.
BOITANI, L., RONDININI, C. From management objectives to biodiversity objectives. In: DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 38-45.
BORRINI-FEYERABEND, G., et al. Governance of protected areas: from understanding to action. Best practice protected area guidelines series. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN; 124pp. 2013
CULLEN, I.' World Parks Congress 2014: Parks, people, and planet'. Koedoev. 2015;57(1):1-3.
DUDLEY, N. Clarifying the IUCN definition of protected areas. In: DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 22-25.
DUDLEY, N., BESANÇON, C., CROFTS, R. Process of assigning IUCN protected area categories. In: DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 79-81.
DUDLEY, N., PHILLIPS, A. Names of Protected Areas. In: In DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 104-105.
DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, 220pp.
EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY [EEA]. Protected Areas in Europe – an overview. Denmark: Copenhage, 2012.136p.
FALZON, C. The role of zoning in protected areas and the IUCN categories. In: DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 84-88.
GRAHAM, J., AMOS, B., PLUMPTRE, T. W. Governance principles for protected areas in the 21st century. Ottawa: Institute on Governance, Governance Principles for Protected Areas; 2003, 50 p.
HARMON, D. What does IUCN's protected area definition mean? In: DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 28-30.
HOCKINGS, M., DUDLEY, N. Protected area categories, and management effectiveness. In: DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 99-103.
HOLDGATE, M., PHILLIPS, A. PROTECTED AREAS IN CONTEXT. IN: WALKEY, M., SWINGLAND, I., RUSSELL S. Integrated Protected Areas Management, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999, 299pp.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN) [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jun 16]. Protected Areas. s.d. Available from: https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN). Protected Planet Report 2014: Tracking progress towards global targets for protected areas. Cambridge: UNEP-WCMC, 2014, 80 pp.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN). [cited 2016 Jun 16]. Protected Areas. 2008. Available from: https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/our-work/iucn-green-list-protected-and-conserved-areas.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN). Benefits Beyond Boundaries. In: V World Congress on National Parks; 2003, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN, 2005, 306 pp.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN). Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories - Talking the Same Language. In: IV World Congress on National Parks; 1992; Caracas, Venezuela. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN-WCMC, 1994, 143pp.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN). 1990 United Nations list of national parks and protected areas. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN, 1990, 275 pp.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN).1973 United Nations list of national parks and equivalent reserves. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN, 1973, 48 pp.
MARETTI, C. C., CATAPAN, M. I. S., ABREU, M. J. P., OLIVEIRA, J. E. D. Áreas protegidas: Definições, tipos e conjuntos: Reflexões conceituais e diretrizes para gestão. In: Gestão de unidades de conservação: compartilhando uma experiência de capacitação. CASES, M. O. Editors. Brasília, Brasil: WWF-Brasil e IPÊ, 2012, p. 331-368.
MCNEELY, J. A., HARRISON, J. DINGWALL, P. Protecting nature: regional reviews of protected areas. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN-WCMC, 1994, 420 pp.
MULONGOY, K. J., CHAPE, S. Protected areas, and biodiversity: An overview of critical issues. Cambridge, UK, and Montreal, Canada: IUCN, 2004, 56 pp.
PACTOGLOBAL (REDE BRASIL). [Internet]. [cited 2021 maio 03]. ODS. S.d. Available from: https://www.pactoglobal.org.br/ods.
PARRISH, J., COURRAU, J. DUDLEY, N. IUCN categories and conservation planning. In: DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 112-114.
PHILLIPS, A (a). A short history of the international system of protected areas management categories: DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 13-17.
PHILLIPS, A (b). Principles underlying the category systems and principles for assignment. In: DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 82-83.
PUREZA, F., PELLIN, A., PADUA, C. Unidades de conservação: fatos e personagens que fizeram a história das categorias de manejo. IPÊ e Matrix Editora: São Paulo; 2015, 240 pp.
SHEPPARD, D. Using the IUCN categories in policy decisions. In: DUDLEY, N., STOLTON, S., Editors. Defining Protected Areas: An International Conference in Almeria. Spain: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2008, p. 109-111.
UNITED NATIONS. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). In: Conference of the Parties (COP). United Nations, 1992.
VALLEJO, L. R. Tempo, espaço e contradições na proteção das áreas naturais: As políticas públicas e a conservação ambiental no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (1975 a 2002). Editora Alternativa: Niterói; 2017, 224 pp.
WINES OF GERMANY [Internet]. [cited 2019 jan 10]. Available from: https://www.germanwines.de/tourism/famous-vineyard-sites/drachenfels/.
WORBOYS, G. L., LOCKWOOD, M., KOTHARI, A., FEARY, S., PULFORD, I. Protected área governance, and management. Editors. ANU Press: Canberra, 2015, 994 pp.
Published
Versions
- 2022-04-06 (2)
- 2021-09-16 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
To access the DECLARATION AND TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT LICENSE click here.
Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication
The Ciência e Natura journal is committed to ensuring ethics in publication and quality of articles.
Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: Authors, Editors, Reviewers, and the Publisher.
In particular,
Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review Articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The Authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. The corresponding Author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all Co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.
Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An Editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the Author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.
Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that Authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected Reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the Editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.
