Evaluation of the quality of superficial sediment using principal components analysis of the physical–chemical attributes of the Mearim River – Brazil

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X41267

Abstract

The Mearim River is one of the main rivers of Maranhão, which, over the years, has been affected from pollution caused by human activities such as deforestation, disposal of domestic effluents, and agricultural activities, among others. The objective of this research was to evaluate the environmental quality of the Mearim River through the study of the sediment in different periods. In order to investigate this question, four sampling points (P1- Balneário, P2-Cais, P3-Trizidela, and P4-Matadouro) were submitted to particle size analysis (clay, silt, and fine sand) and physico-chemical analyses (pH, organic matter, and inorganic and organic carbon). Two principal components were generated in principal component analysis, explaining 73% of the total variance among the parameters within the studied periods. The overall analysis of the data set by principal component analysis highlighted two clusters: one relating the attributes to three sampling points analyzed in the rainy season and another relating the attributes to four sampling points analyzed in the dry period. Multivariate analysis of the data showed that the orga­­­­­­­nic matter, clay, and pH parameters were directly correlated with the dry period (correlation coefficients> 0.41), and inorganic matter (correlation coefficient = | 0,414) was more sensitive in the rainy season.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ATLAS DO MARANHÃO. “Gerência de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento econômico. São Luís: Laboratório de Geoprocessamento - UEMA”; 2006.

BELO A, QUINÁIA SP, PLETSCH L. A. Avaliação da contaminação de metais em sedimentos superficiais das praias do Lago de Itaipu. Química Nova (Impresso). 2010; 33: 613-617.

BURTON Jr GA. Sediment quality criteria in use around the world. Limnology. 2002; 3: 65-75.

CALLISTO M. ESTEVES FA. Composição granulométrica do sedimento de um lago amazônico impactado por rejeito de bauxita e um lago natural (Pará, Brasil). Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia. 1996; 8: 116-126.

CONSELHO NACIONAL DO MEIO AMBIENTE [Internet]. Brasília: Resoluções CONAMA [cited 2019 mar11]. Available from: http://www.mma.gov.br/port/CONAMA/res357/mar/2005.html.

CHRISTOFOLOTTI A. Vertentes: processos e formas. In: Geomorfologia. 2nd ed. São Paulo: Edgard Blücher, 1980. Cap. 2, p. 28-62.

EMBRAPA. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos (Rio de Janeiro, RJ). Manual de Método de Análise de solo. 2. ed. rev. atual. Rio de Janeiro: EMBRAPA, 2017.

ESTEVES FA, editor. Fundamentos de Limnologia. 3th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Interciências; 2011.

GAUDETTE H.E, FLIGHT WR, TONER L, OOLGER, DW. An inexpensive titration method for the determination of organic carbon in recent sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. 1974; 44: 249 – 253.

JUHOS K, CZIGÁNY S, MADARÁZS B, LADÁNYI M. Interpretation of soil quality for land suitability assesment – A multivariate approach for Central European arable soils. Ecological Indicators. 2019; 99: 261-272.

MACÊDO L, editor. Gestão das Águas no Maranhão: Estudo Prospectivo. São Luís: 2005.p.38-43.

MARTINS CM, GALINDO ICL, SOUZA ER, POROCA HA. Atributos químicos e microbianos do solo de áreas em processo de desertificação no semiárido de Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. 2010; 34: 1883-1890.

MUDROCH A, MacKNIGHT SD, editors. 1991. Handbok of. Techniques for aquatic sediments sampling. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1991. 255 p.

OLIVEIRA T W DOS S, DA SILVA S H P, SILVA D F, VIANA J F C, FIRMO W DA C A, SILVA M R C. Aspecto da sazonalidade nos parâmetros físico – químicos da água dos poços, Raposa - Maranhão, Brasil; Águas Subterrâneas - Seção Estudos de Caso e Notas Técnicas, 2019.

SARAIVA VK, NASCIMENTO MRL, PALMIERI HEL, JACOMINO VMF. Avaliação da qualidade de sedimentos - estudo de caso: sub-bacia do Ribeirão Espírito Santo, afluente do rio São Francisco. Quimica Nova. 2009; 32(8): 1995-2002.

SEMATU, Diagnóstico dos Principais Problemas Ambientais do Estado do Maranhão. São Luís (Brasil): Secretaria do Estado do Meio Ambiente e Turismo, 1991, 19 p.

SILVA CMR. Estudo de Sedimento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Mogi- Guaçu, com ênfase na determinação de metais pesados [dissertation]. São Carlos: Instituto de Química de São Carlos /IQSC-USP; 2002. 98 p.

SILVA CMR. Utilização de metodologia eletroanalítica para estudos de adsorçãode pesticidas triazínicos em amostras de sedimentos do rio Mogi-Guaçu-SP [thesis]. São Carlos: Instituto de Química de São Carlos /IQSC-USP; 2006. 86 p.

SILVA, M. R.; SILVA, L. V.; BARRETO, L. N.; C.; RODRIGUES, E. H. C.; MIRANDA, R. C. M.; BEZERRA, D. S.; PEREIRA, D. C. A. Qualidade da água da bacia do Rio Pindaré, nos trechos correspondentes aos municípios de Pindaré-Mirim, Tufilândia e Alto alegre no estado do Maranhão. Águas Subterrâneas, v. 31, n. 4, p. 347-354, 2017.

TOSIC M, RESTREPO JD, LONIN S, IZQUIERDO A, MARTINS F. Water and sediment quality in Cartagena Bay, Colombia: Seasonal variability and potential impacts of pollution. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2019; 216: 187-203.

TUNDISI JG, MATSUMURA-TUNDISI T, editors. Limnologia. São Paulo: Oficina de Textos; 2008.

XU G, LI P, LU K, TANTAI Z, ZHANG J, REN Z, WANG X, YU K, SHI P, CHENG Y. Seasonal changes in water quality and its main influencing factors in Dan River basin. Catena. 2019; 173: 131-140.

WICK B, KÜHNE RF, VLEK PLG. Soil microbiological parameters as indicators of soil quality under improved fallow management systems in south-western Nigeria. Plant Soil. 1998; 202:97-107.

WENTWORTH CK. A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. The Journal of Geology. 1922; 30(5): 337-392.

WESEMAEL BV, CHARTIN C, WIESMEIER M, LUTZOW MV, HOBLEY E, CARNOL M, KRUGER I, CAMPION, M, ROISIN C, HENNART S, KOGEL-KNABNER I. An indicator for organic matter dynamics in temperature agricultural soils. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2019; 274: 62-75.

Downloads

Published

2020-12-31 — Updated on 2022-06-21

Versions

How to Cite

Lima, N. S., Silva, D. F. da, Nunes Neto, W. R., Silva, D. M. da, Sousa, L. C. A. de, & Silva, M. R. C. (2022). Evaluation of the quality of superficial sediment using principal components analysis of the physical–chemical attributes of the Mearim River – Brazil. Ciência E Natura, 42, e5. https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X41267 (Original work published December 31, 2020)

Issue

Vol. 42 (2020): III FÓRUM DO MEIO AMBIENTE DO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO - UNICEUMA 2020

Section

Environment

License

Copyright (c) 2020 Ciência e Natura

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

To access the DECLARATION AND TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT LICENSE click here.

 

Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication

The Ciência e Natura journal is committed to ensuring ethics in publication and quality of articles. 

Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: Authors, Editors, Reviewers, and the Publisher.

In particular, 

Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review Articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The Authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. The corresponding Author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all Co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.

Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An Editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the Author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.

Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that Authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected Reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the Editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Most read articles by the same author(s)