The roots of Schopenhauer's morality of prudence in Baltasar Gracián's Manual Oracle and Art of Prudence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179378696427Keywords:
Eudemonology, Pessimism, Wisdom, Suffering, VirtuesAbstract
We propose to investigate the conceptual anticipation that Baltasar Gracián makes, in Manual oracle and art of prudence, of Arthur Schopenhauer’s moral pessimism and eudemonology of prudence. We will argue that some of the most important theses of Schopenhauer’s Aphorisms for the wisdom of life, such as the eudemonological superiority of being over having and what we represent to others, and the notion that "the fool runs after the pleasures of life and is deceived, while the wise avoid its evils" have an important root in the Baroque thinker. Based on this, we will argue that Gracián stands out in the pessimistic literature that influenced Schopenhauer, which partly explains his distancing from other modern German philosophers, who are generally more optimistic.
Downloads
References
AGOSTINI, C.; LIMA, S. A importância da solidão à maior felicidade em Schopenhauer. Revista Filosofia Capital, Brasília/DF, Vol. 17, N. 23, p. 16-29, 2021.
CAMBI, F. História da pedagogia. Trad. Álvaro Lorencini. São Paulo: Unesp, 1999.
DEBONA, V. A natureza da eudemonologia de Schopenhauer. Argumentos, Vol. 16, N. 11, p. 242-254, 2014.
FOUCAULT, M. Nietzsche, Marx, Freud. Trad. J. L. Barreto. São Paulo: Princípio Editora, 1997.
GERMER, G. M. As eudemonologias pessimistas de Schopenhauer e Freud e sua atualidade em tempos de pandemia. Natureza Humana, São Paulo, Vol. 25, N.1, p. 29-57, 2023.
GERMER, G. M. Sobre a tese schopenhaueriana da positividade da dor e da negatividade do prazer. Cadernos de Ética e Filosofia Política, São Paulo, Vol. 1, N. 18, p. 137-159, 1/2011.
GRACIÁN, B. A arte da sabedoria. Trad. Ieda Moriya. Rio de Janeiro: Viva Livros, 2016.
GRACIÁN, B. Oráculo manual y arte de prudencia. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra, 2019.
NIETZSCHE, F. A gaia ciência. Trad. P. C. de Souza. São Paulo: Cia das letras, 2012.
RICOEUR, P. Escritos e conferências, 1, em torno da psicanálise. Trad. E. Bini. São Paulo: Loyola, 2010.
SCHOPENHAUER, A. Aforismos para a sabedoria de vida. Trad. J. Barboza. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2002. (A)
SCHOPENHAUER, A. Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung. Band II. In: Schopenhauer, A. Sämtliche Werke – Band II. Org.: Wolfgang F. von Löhneysen. Stuttgart/Frankfurt am Mein: Suhrkamp, 1986. (W II)
SCHOPENHAUER, A. O Mundo como Vontade e como Representação, Tomo II. Trad. J. Barboza, São Paulo: Unesp, 2015. (W II)
SCHOPENHAUER, A. Parerga und Paralipomena – Band I. In: Schopenhauer, A. Sämtliche Werke – Band IV - V. Org.: W. F. von Löhneysen. Stuttgart/Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1986. (P I)
SCHOPENHAUER, A. Parerga und Paralipomena – Band II. Kapitel XV – XXXI. In: Schopenhauer, A. Sämtliche Werke in zwölf Bänden. Mit Einleitung von Dr. Rudolf Steiner. Elfter Band. Stuttgart un Berlin: J. G. Cotta'sche Buchhandlung Nachfolger GmbH, 1894. (P II)
SILVA, L. C. Schopenhauer empirista? Sobre a presença de Bacon e Hume na metafísica da vontade. Ethic@, Florianópolis/SC, Vol. 21, N. 2, p. 374-399, 2022.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Guilherme Marconi Germer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The submission of original manuscripts to this journal implies the transference, by the authors, of the copyrights for printed and digital publication. The copyrights of a published manuscript belong ultimately to the author, and only the copyright for its first publication is reserved to the journal. Authors may only use the same results in other publications explicitly indicating this journal as the medium of the original publication.
Licence
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms.
