Modelando contexto e registro: o projeto de cartografia de registro a longo prazo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2176148520205Parole chiave:
Cartografia de registro, Modelagem de contexto, Análise de discurso, Campo, Relações, ModoAbstract
Este artigo apresenta esboços de um projeto de longo prazo referente à modelagem de contexto e registro através das linhas originalmente traçadas por M. A. K. Halliday e Ruqaiya Hasan em Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (LSF) – portanto com “registro” em seu sentido original de uma variedade funcional da linguagem, isto é, o sentido em questão em um dado tipo de contexto. O tema deste projeto pode ser caracterizado como cartografia de registro. A Seção 1 apresenta o pano de fundo para o trabalho com a modelagem de contexto e registro, observando-se diferentes usos em LSF do termo “registro”, localizando a noção de registro como variação funcional em termos das duas dimensões semióticas da hierarquia de estratificação e do continuum de instanciação. A Seção 2 apresenta modelos alternativos de contexto e registro identificando as dimensões semióticas principais envolvidas nesses modelos. A seguir, comparam-se e contrastam-se os modelos. A Seção 3 contribui para a descrição do estudo acerca de contexto e registro ao resumir o trabalho que tem sido feito em linguística computacional baseada em LSF – importante tarefa às vezes negligenciada por pesquisadores que se dedicam principalmente à análise manual do discurso. Com base no esboço apresentado nas Seções 1 a 3, a Seção 4 relata um projeto de longa duração acerca da cartografia de registro, dando uma visão geral com exemplos de achados tais como diferenciação de registros em termos de sua relativa frequência em textos em listas de termos em certos sistemas importantes. A Seção 5 enfoca um aspecto do projeto a longo prazo – qual seja a descrição de diferentes campos de atividade: oito campos primários de atividade, cada um agrupado em subtipos mais específicos – ilustrados por meio de variação no emprego de recursos pictoriais. Os tipos mais específicos são a seguir usados para relacionar a cartografia baseada em campos específicos identificada e descrita segundo o “Modelo de Gênero” da “Escola de Sydney”, no trabalho liderado por J. R. Martin. O campo de atividade é comparado e contrastado com o gênero no sentido de processo social orientado para objetivos. Construído na descrição de campos de atividade, a Seção 6 acrescenta considerações sobre relações e modo, ilustrando como campos de atividade podem estabelecer intersecção com valores de relações e modo. A Seção 7, a Conclusão, resume a apresentação e a relaciona com considerações acerca de domínios da cultura, consistindo em arranjos de tipos de situação e de pessoas como agregados de personae operando em diferentes relações em diferentes grupos sociais – incluindo uma referência ao trabalho de Gu Yue-guo sobre geografia do discurso.Downloads
Riferimenti bibliografici
BAKHTIN, M. M. Speech genres and other late essays. Translated by Vern W. McGee; edited by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1981.
BATEMAN, J.; PARIS, C. Constraining the deployment of lexicogrammatical resources during text generation: towards a computational instantiation of register theory. In: VENTOLA, E. (ed.). Functional and systemic linguistics: approaches and uses. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 1991, 81-106.
BIBER, D. Variation across speech and writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
BIBER, Douglas. An analytical framework for register studies. In BIBER; D.; FINEGAN, E. (eds.). Sociolinguistic perspectives on register. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 31-56, 1994.
BIBER, D.; FINEGAN, E. (eds.). Sociolinguistic perspectives on register. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
BUTT, D. G. Some basic tools in a linguistic approach to personality: a Firthian concept of social process. In: CHRISTIE, F. (ed.). Literacy in social processes: papers from the Inaugural Australian Systemic Functional Linguistics Conference, Deakin University, January 1990. Darwin: Centre for Studies of Language in Education, Northern Territory University, 1991, 23-44.
BUTT, D. et al. Using functional grammar: an explorer’s guide. 2nd. ed. Sydney: Macquarie University, NCELTR (National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research), 2000.
CAFFAREL, A. Interacting between a generalized tense semantics and register-specific semantic tense systems: a bi-stratal exploration of the semantics of French tense. Language Sciences, 14(4): 385-418, 1992.
CRANNY-FRANCIS, A. Feminist fiction: feminist uses of generic fiction. London: Polity, 1990.
CHRISTIE, F.. Curriculum macrogenres as forms of initiation into a culture. In: CHRISTIE, F.; MARTIN, J. R. (eds.). Genre and institutions: social processes in the workplace and school. London: Cassell, 1997, 134-160.
CHRISTIE, F.; DEREWIANKA, B. School discourse: learning to write across the years of schooling. London and New York: Continuum, 2008.
FEEZ, S. The Write it Right research project. MS, 1995.
FIRTH, J.R. Personality and language in society. Sociological Review, 42(1): 37-52, 1950. Reprinted in FIRTH, J. R. Papers in linguistics 1934-1951. London: Oxford University Press, 177-189, 1957.
GHADESSY, M. (ed.). Registers of written English: situational factors and linguistic features. London: Pinter, 1988.
GHADESSY, M. (ed.). Register analysis: theory and practice. London and New York: Pinter, 1993.
GREGORY, M. J. Aspects of varieties differentiation. Journal of Linguistics, 3: 177-198. 1967.
GU, Y. Towards an understanding of workplace discourse — a pilot study for compiling a spoken Chinese corpus of situated discourse. In: CANDLIN, C. (ed.). Theory and Practice of Professional Discourse. Hong Kong: CUHK Press, 2001. 137-185.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. Explorations in the Functions of Language. London: Edward Arnold, 1973.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. Language as social semiotic: the social interpretation of language and meaning. London: Edward Arnold, 1978.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. On the language of physical science. In: GHADESSY (ed.), 1988, 162-178.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. The notion of ‘context’ in language education. In: LE, T.; MCCAUSLAND , M. (eds.). Interaction and development: proceedings of the international conference, Vietnam, 30 March - 1 April 1991. University of Tasmania: Language Education, 1991,1-26. Reprinted in: HALLIDAY, M. A. K. Language and education. Volume 9 in the Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, edited by WEBSTER, J. London and New York: Continuum, 2007, 269-290.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. How do you mean? In: DAVIES, M.; RAVELLI, L. (eds.). Advances in systemic linguistics: recent theory and practice. London: Pinter, 1992, 20-35. Reprinted in: HALLIDAY, M.A.K. On grammar. Volume 1 of Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday. Edited by WEBSTER, J. London and New York: Continuum, 2002. Chapter 13: 352-368.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. Language and the theory of codes. In: SADOVNIK, A. (ed.). Knowledge and pedagogy: the sociology of Basil Bernstein. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex, 1994, 124-142. Reprinted in: HALLIDAY, M. A. K. Language and society. Volume 10 in the Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, edited by WEBSTER, J. London and New York: Continuum, 2007. Chapter 8: 231-246.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. On grammar and grammatics. In: HASAN, R.; CLORAN, C.; BUTT, D. (eds.). Functional descriptions: theory into practice. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1996, 1-38. Reprinted in: HALLIDAY, M.A.K. 2002. On grammar. Volume 1 of Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday. Edited by WEBSTER, J. London and New York: Continuum, 2002. Chapter 15: 384-417.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. Computing meanings: some reflections on past experience and present prospects. In: HUANG, G.; WANG, Z. (eds.). Discourse and Language Functions. Shanghai: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2002, 3-25. Reprinted in: HALLIDAY, M. A. K. Computational and quantitative studies. Volume 6 in the Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, edited by WEBSTER, J. London and New York: Continuum, 2005, 239-267.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. On matter and meaning: the two realms of human experience. Linguistics and the Human Sciences 1(1): 59-82, 2005.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K., MCINTOSH, A.; STREVENS, P. The linguistic sciences and language teaching. London: Longman, 1964.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K.; MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Construing experience through meaning: a language-based approach to cognition. London and New York: Continuum, 2006.
HASAN, R. Code, register and social dialect. In: BERNSTEIN, B. (ed.). Class, codes and control: applied studies towards a sociology of language. Volume 2. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973, 253-292.
HASAN, R. The nursery tale as a genre.” Nottingham Linguistic Circular 13, 1984. [Reprinted in: HASAN, R. Ways of saying: ways of meaning: selected papers of Ruqaiya Hasan. Edited by CLORAN, C.; BUT, D.; WILLIAMS, G. London: Cassell, 1996, 51-72.]
HASAN, R. The ontogenesis of ideology: an interpretation of mother-child talk. I: GROSZ, E. A.; THREADGOLD, T.; HALLIDAY, M. A. K. (eds.). Semiotics - Ideology - Language. Sydney: Sydney Association for Studies in Society and Culture, 1986, 125-146.
HASAN, R. Semantic variation and sociolinguistics. Australian Journal of Linguistics 9: 221-275, 1989.
HASAN, R. Ways of saying: ways of meaning. Selected papers of Ruqaiya Hasan. Ed. CLORAN, C.; BUTT, D.; WILLIAMS, G. (Open Linguistics Series) London: Cassell, 1996.
HASAN, R. Semantic Variation: Meaning in Society and Sociolinguistics. Volume Two in the Collected Works of Ruqaiya Hasan. Edited by WEBSTER, J. London: Equinox, 2009a.
HASAN, R. The place of context in a systemic functional model. In: HALLIDAY, M. A. K.; WEBSTER, J. (eds.). A companion to systemic functional linguistics. London and New York: Continuum, 2009b, 166-189.
HASAN, R. et al. Semantic networks: the description of linguistic meaning in SFL. In: Hasan, R.; Matthiessen, C. M. I. M.; Webster, J. (eds.). Continuing discourse on language. Volume 2. London: Equinox, 2007, 697-738.
HILL, Trevor. Institutional linguistics. Orbis, 7(2): 441-455, 1958.
KRESS, G. Linguistic processes in sociocultural experience. Geelong, Vic.: Deakin University Press, 1985 [Republished by Oxford University Press, 1989].
LAM, M.; WEBSTER, J. The lexicogrammatical reflection of interpersonal relationship in conversation. Discourse Studies 11(1): 37-57, 2009.
LONGACRE, R. E. 1974. Narrative vs other discourse genres. In: BREND, R. (ed.). Advances in Tagmemics. Amsterdam: North--Holland, 1974, 357-376.
LONGACRE, R. E. The grammar of discourse. 2nd edition. New York: Plenum, 1996.
MARTIN, J.R. Factual writing: exploring and challenging social reality. Geelong, Victoria: Deakin University Press, 1985.
MARTIN, J.R. Grammaticalizing ecology: the politics of baby seals and kangaroos. Grosz, E. A.; Threadgold, T.; Halliday, M. A. K. (eds.). Semiotics - Ideology - Language. Sydney: Sydney Association for Studies in Society and Culture. 225-267, 1986.
MARTIN, J.R. English text: system and structure. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins, 1992.
MARTIN, J.R. Making history: grammar for interpretation. In: Martin, J. R.; Wodak, R. (eds.). Re/reading the past: Critical and functional perspectives on time and value. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins, 2003, 19–57.
MARTIN, J.R. Semantic Variation – Modelling Realisation, Instantiation and Individuation in Social Semiosis. In BEDNAREK, M.; MARTIN, J. R. (eds.), New discourse on language: functional perspectives on multimodality, identity, and affiliation. London: Continuum, 2010, 1-34.
MARTIN, J.R.; MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Systemic typology and topology. In: CHRISTIE , F. (ed.). Literacy in social processes: papers from the Inaugural Australian Systemic Functional Linguistics Conference. Deakin University, January 1990. Darwin: Centre for Studies of Language in Education, Northern Territory University. 345–383. Reprinted in MARTIN, J. R. SFL theory, Volume 1 in the Collected works of J.R. Martin, edited by ZHENHUA, W. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Pres, 2010, 167-215.
MARTIN, J.R.; ROSE, D. Genre relations: mapping culture. London and Oakville: Equinox, 2008.
MARTIN, J.R.; ROSE, D. Learning to Write, Reading to Learn: genre, knowledge and pedagogy in the Sydney School. (Equinox Textbooks and Surveys in Linguistics). London: Equinox, 2012.
MARTIN, J.R.; WHITE, P. R. R. White. The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Register in the round: diversity in a unified theory of register analysis. In: GHADESSY, M. (ed.). Register analysis: theory and practice. London: Pinter, 1993, 221-292.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. The multimodal page: a systemic functional exploration. In: ROYCE, T. D.; BOWCHER, W. L. (eds.). New Directions in the Analysis of Multimodal Discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2006a, 1-62.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Educating for advanced foreign language capacities: Exploring the meaning-making resources of languages systemic-functionally.” In: BYRNES, H. (ed.). Advanced instructed language learning: the complementary contribution of Halliday and Vygotsky. London and New York: Continuum, 2006b, 31-57.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. The “architecture” of language according to systemic functional theory: developments since the 1970s. In: HASAN, R.; MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M.; WEBSTER, J. (eds.). Continuing discourse on language. Volume 2. London: Equinox, 2007, 505-561.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Register in the round: registerial cartography. Forthcoming in Functional Linguistics Volume 1, Issue 1, October 2013 (Springer Verlag), 2013a.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Appliable discourse analysis. YAN, F.; WEBSTER, J. (eds.). Developing Systemic Functional Linguistics: theory and application. London: Equinox, 2013b, 135-205.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Applying Systemic Functional Linguistics in healthcare contexts. Text and Talk 33(4-5): 437–466, 2013c.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Applying Systemic Functional Linguistics in healthcare contexts.” Text and Talk 33(4-5): 437–466, 2013d.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M.; BATEMAN, J. A. Systemic linguistics and text generation: experiences from Japanese and English. London: Frances Pinter, 1991.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. et al. The Multex generator and its environment: application and development. Proceedings of the International Generation Workshop ‘98, August ‘98, Niagara-onthe-Lake. 228-237, 1998.
PARODI, G. (ed.). Discourse genres in Spanish: academic and professional connections. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2010.
PATTEN, T. Systemic text generation as problem solving. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
REID, T. B.W. Linguistics, structuralism, philology. Archivum Linguisticum 8: 28-37, 1956.
SCHANK, R. C.; ABELSON, R. P. Scripts, plans, goals and understanding: an inquiry into human knowledge structures. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1977.
SLADE, D. M. The texture of casual conversation in English. University of Sydney: Ph.D. thesis. 1996.
SNELL-HORNBY, M. Translation studies: an integrated approach. 2nd edition. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1995.
TERUYA, K. A systemic functional grammar of Japanese. 2 volumes. London and New York: Continuum, 2007.
TURNER, G. J. Sociosemantic networks and discourse structure. In: HALLIDAY, M. A. K.; FAWCETT, R. P. (eds.). New developments in Systemic Linguistics. London: Frances Pinter. 64-93, 1987.
URE, J. N.; ELLIS, J. Register in descriptive linguistics and linguistic sociology. In: Uribe-Villegas, (ed.). Issues in Sociolinguistics. The Hague: Mouton, 1997.
VEEL, R. Learning how to mean — scientifically speaking: apprenticeship into scientific discourse in the secondary school. In: CHRISTIE, F.; MARTIN, J. R. (eds.). Genre and institutions: social processes in the workplace and school. London: Cassell, 1997, 161-195.
VENTOLA, E. The structure of social interaction: a systemic approach to the semiotics of service encounters. London: Frances Pinter, 1987.
