La sobrerrepresentación de los estudiantes pertenecientes a minorías culturales y lingüísticas en itinerarios de educación especial: una revisión de la literatura en Europa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1984686X67417Parole chiave:
Minorías culturales y lingüísticas, Necesidades educativas especiales, interseccionalidad.Abstract
El texto se propone revisar la literatura europea publicada entre 2000 y 2020, sobre la cuestión de la sobrerrepresentación de los alumnos de minorías culturales y lingüísticas (MCL) que son diagnosticados y etiquetados por las administraciones educativas como alumnos con discapacidad, o con Necesidades Educativas Especiales (NEE). Las búsquedas, que se realizaron en las bases de datos ERIC, SCOPUS y Web of Science, se centraron en los enfoques teóricos y metodológicos de estos estudios. Los artículos analizados se han categorizado en cuatro tipos de aportaciones según el enfoque temático: a) la organización escolar y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes; b) los sesgos profesionales; c) los procedimientos de diagnóstico y etiquetado; y d) la relación entre las desigualdades estructurales y la sobrerrepresentación. Una de las principales conclusiones de este estudio indica que, a pesar de que en muchos casos se ha adoptado una perspectiva uniaxial como clave para comprender el fenómeno, con una atención enfocada en factores individuales como el prejuicio de profesionales, el rendimiento escolar, la naturaleza de las pruebas de diagnóstico, en los últimos años se está produciendo un cambio en la forma en que la investigación sobre la sobrerrepresentación está abordando el tema.
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