Gas exchange, root hydraulic conductivity, water use efficiency and the growth of <i>Toona ciliata</i> clones and seedlings

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509825604

Keywords:

Photosynthesis, Root hydraulic conductivity, Toona culiata, Cuttings

Abstract

Forest plantations established with seedlings have heterogeneity and are difficult to manage, so an alternative is the use of clones with high productivity. In addition, clonal plants differ in the structure of the root system that can influence the water and nutrient uptake efficiency and therefore productivity. We evaluated leaf gas exchange, root hydraulic conductivity, and water use efficiency of Toona ciliata clonal cuttings and the seedlings growth. The study was performed in a completely randomized design with four treatments: a) TC3 clone; b) TC9 clone; c) TC15 clone and d) seedlings with five replicates and ten plants per plot. On the 120th day, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance were evaluated between 12:00 and 13:00 hours and the values calculated as efficient, instantaneous (A/E) and intrinsic (A/gs) water use were calculated. Hydraulic root conductivity (kroot)
was obtained by applying increasing pressures (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 MPa) using Scholander chamber. The height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry mass of shoot and root, length, diameter, surface area and root volume were also determined. The data were submitted to Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance, comparing by Tukey’s test (5%). The genetic materials studied presented an equal capacity of water absorption and transport by the roots, even though they exhibited a visual anatomical differences of the root system. Although, the clones exhibited low transpiration and net photosynthetic rates, they were generally more efficient in water use, and the TC3 and TC9 clones were more efficient to convert the assimilated carbon to biomass.

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Author Biographies

Taiane Pires de Freitas de Oliveira, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ

He holds a bachelor's degree in Forestry Engineering from the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (2009), a Master's Degree in Plant Production from the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (2012) and PhD in Plant Production from the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darc and Ribeiro (2016).

Deborah Guerra Barroso, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ

He holds a bachelor's degree in Agronomy from the Federal University of Lavras (1990), a PhD in Plant Production (Forestry) from the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (1999).

Fábio Afonso Mazzei Moura de Assis Figueiredo, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA

Agricultural Engineer graduated from the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (2004), PhD in Plant Production by the same institution (2011). Between the years of 2011 and 2012 he was a FAPERJ fellow in the Training and Technical Training modality. He completed postdoctoral studies with emphasis on plant ecophysiology, with a grant from the National Postdoctoral Program - PNPD CAPES, at the Plant Physiology Laboratory of UENF. He is currently Adjunct Professor at the State University of Maranhão and Permanent Teacher of the Academic Master's Degree in Agriculture and Environment. Has experience in the area of Forestry, acting in research projects with propagation and technologies of production and quality of forest plants; Management of forest species in pure and consortium systems; Restoration; Agroforestry Systems; Plant ecophysiology; Hydraulic root conductivity. He is a Fellow of Institutional Productivity, with a UEMA scholarship.

Thais Chagas Barros, University of São Paulo Júlio in Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, SP

He holds a degree in Forestry Engineering from the Federal University of Viçosa (2012), a master's degree from the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (2015) in Agronomy (Plant Production) and a PhD in Agronomy (Soil Science) by the Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, Jaboticabal-SP. Member of the Group of Studies in Plant Nutrition, GENPLANT / FCAV-UNESP. Acting mainly on the following subjects: Plant Fertilization and Nutrition, Nutritional Disorders Studies, Critical Level, DRIS and CND, Foliar Fertilization and Silicon methods.

Gregory Gambetta, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d'Ornon

EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d’Ornon, France

Eliemar Campostrini, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ

Dr. Campostrini E. is professor of Plant Physiology/Ecophysiology of Tropical and Subtropical Crops at Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. In recent years he has worked collaboration with EMBRAPA, TKI/NovaSource (USA), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Incaper/ES, Universidade de Almeria (Espanha), Universittà Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Italia), Instituto de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria e Pesquera (IFAPA, Espanha), Universidade de Évora (Portugal), Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA, Canarian Islands, Spain), Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, and Columbia University (USA). He has currently authored or co-authored 99 publications in international refereed journal. Dr. Eliemar and colleagues has worked with Environmental Physiology of Tropical and Subtropical Crops, in special papaya, coffee and grapevine plants. The basic propose is determinate the deeper understanding about the effects of the environmental factors (water, air temperature, light and mineral nutrients) on physiological process [gas-exchange (photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration), sap flow, photosynthetic pigments, photochemical efficiency] in papaya, coffee and grapevine. Understanding the effects of environmental factors on physiological process is crucial to minimize the deleterious impact of supra and suboptimal environmental conditions and manage the crops to increase yield. Current Projects: Project 1: Processed-kaolin particle film suspension as a mitigator of UV, high leaf and fruit temperature and water stress in coffee plants; Project 2: Physiological traits in elite papaya genotypes: Dark and light respiration, photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency and water relations in Golden and Sunrise Solo papaya genotypes with different chlorophyll leaf concentration cultivated under different water regimes; Project 3: Responses of elite papaya genotypes to water stress: stomatal and non-stomatal limitations; Project 4: Hydraulic conductance: from single leaf to whole canopy. How hydraulic conductance can control gas exchange, photochemical efficiency and growth in elite clones of Coffea canephora under water stress; Project 5: Application of bioreactors for large-scale in pineapple and papaya: photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic microprogation; Project 6. Possible use of chlorophyll fluorescence, near infrared (NIR) and IR thermal imaging to assess gender in papaya plant; Project 6: Supra-optimal temperature in papaya plant: effects on photochemical efficiency.

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Published

2019-06-30

How to Cite

Oliveira, T. P. de F. de, Barroso, D. G., Figueiredo, F. A. M. M. de A., Barros, T. C., Gambetta, G., & Campostrini, E. (2019). Gas exchange, root hydraulic conductivity, water use efficiency and the growth of <i>Toona ciliata</i> clones and seedlings. Ciência Florestal, 29(2), 715–727. https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509825604

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Vol. 29 No. 2 (2019)

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A revista CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL reserva-se o direito de realizar, nos originais, alterações de ordens normativas, ortográficas e gramaticais, com vistas a manter o padrão escolar da língua, mas respeitando o estilo dos autores. As provas finais podem ou não ser enviadas aos autores.

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