Gas exchange, root hydraulic conductivity, water use efficiency and the growth of <i>Toona ciliata</i> clones and seedlings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509825604Schlagworte:
Photosynthesis, Root hydraulic conductivity, Toona culiata, CuttingsAbstract
Forest plantations established with seedlings have heterogeneity and are difficult to manage, so an alternative is the use of clones with high productivity. In addition, clonal plants differ in the structure of the root system that can influence the water and nutrient uptake efficiency and therefore productivity. We evaluated leaf gas exchange, root hydraulic conductivity, and water use efficiency of Toona ciliata clonal cuttings and the seedlings growth. The study was performed in a completely randomized design with four treatments: a) TC3 clone; b) TC9 clone; c) TC15 clone and d) seedlings with five replicates and ten plants per plot. On the 120th day, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance were evaluated between 12:00 and 13:00 hours and the values calculated as efficient, instantaneous (A/E) and intrinsic (A/gs) water use were calculated. Hydraulic root conductivity (kroot)
was obtained by applying increasing pressures (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 MPa) using Scholander chamber. The height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry mass of shoot and root, length, diameter, surface area and root volume were also determined. The data were submitted to Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance, comparing by Tukey’s test (5%). The genetic materials studied presented an equal capacity of water absorption and transport by the roots, even though they exhibited a visual anatomical differences of the root system. Although, the clones exhibited low transpiration and net photosynthetic rates, they were generally more efficient in water use, and the TC3 and TC9 clones were more efficient to convert the assimilated carbon to biomass.
Downloads
Literaturhinweise
ATKIN, O. K.; SCHEURWATER, I.; PONS, T. L. Respiration as a percentage of daily photosynthesis in whole plants is homeostatic at moderate, but not high, growth temperatures. New Phytologist, Lancaster, v. 174, n. 2, p. 367-380, 2007.
BOURSIAC, Y. et al. The response of Arabidopsis root water transport to a challenging environment implicates reactive oxygen species-and phosphorylation-dependent internalization of aquaporins. Plant Signaling & Behavior, Londres, v. 3, n. 12, p. 1096-1098, dec. 2008.
BOYER, J. S. Water transport. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, Palo Alto, v. 36, p. 473-516, jun. 1985.
EL-SHARKAWY, M. A.; COCK, J. H.; HERNANDEZ, A. D. P. Stomatal response to air humidity and its relation to stomatal density in a wide range of warm climate species. Photosynthesis Research, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 137-149, jan. 1985.
FIGUEIREDO, F. A. M. M. A. et al. Condutividade hidráulica de raiz e capacidade fotossintética de mudas clonais de eucalipto com indução de deformações radiculares. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 24, n. 2, p. 1-10, abr./jun. 2014a.
FIGUEIREDO, F. A. M. M. A. et al. Trocas gasosas, relações hídricas e eficiência fotoquímica em mudas clonais de eucalipto com permanência prolongada em tubetes. Scientia Forestalis, Piracicaba, v. 42, n. 104, p. 533-542, dec. 2014b.
FITTER, A. H. Characteristics and functions of root systms. In: WAISEL, Y.; ESHEL, A.; KAFI, U. (Ed.). Plant Roots: the hidden half. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1991. p. 3-24.
GILBERT, M. E. et al. Field confirmation of genetic variation in soybean transpiration response to vapor pressure deficit and photosynthetic compensation. Field Crops Research, Brisbane, v. 124, n. 1, p. 85-92, oct. 2011.
GONÇALVES, J. L. M.; MELLO, S. L. M. O sistema radicular das árvores. In: GONÇALVES, J. L. M.; BENEDETTI, V. (Ed.). Nutrição e fertilização de florestas. Piracicaba: IPEF, 2005. p. 221-267.
GHOLIPOOR, M. et al. Genetic variability of transpiration response to vapor pressure deficit among sorghum genotypes. Field Crops Research, Brisbane, v. 119, n. 1, p. 85-90, oct. 2010.
GREGORY, P. J. Root growth and activity. In: BOOTE, K. J. et al. Phisiology and determination of crop yield, Florida: University of Florida, 1994. p. 65-93.
HUBBARD, R. M.; BOND, B. J.; RYAN, M. G. Evidence that hydraulic conductance limits photosynthesis in old Pinus ponderosa trees. Tree Physiology, Victoria, v. 19, n. 3, p. 165-172, mar. 1999.
JESUS, A. M. S. et al. Observações anatômicas em plantas de Coffea arabica L. obtidas por enraizamento de estacas. Revista Ceres, Viçosa, MG, v. 57, n. 2, p. 175-180, mar./abr. 2010.
JONES, H. G. Plants and microclimate: a quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology. 2th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 85 p.
KHOLOVA, J. et al. Constitutive water conserving mechanisms are correlated with the terminal drought tolerance of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 61, n. 2, p. 367-377. Oct. 2010.
KNIPFER, T.; STEUDLE, E. Root hydraulic conductivity measured by pressure clamp is substantially affected by internal unstirred layers. Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 59, n. 8, p. 2071-2084, apr. 2008.
KNIPFER, T.; FRICKE, W. Water uptake by seminal and adventitious roots in relation to whole-plant water flow in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 62, n. 2, p.717-733, oct. 2011.
KOZLOWSKI, T. T.; PALLARDY, S. G. Physiology of woody plants. 2th ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1997. 411 p.
MAUREL, C.; SIMONNEAU, T.; SUTKA, M. The significance of roots as hydraulic rheostats. Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 61, n. 12, p. 3191–3198, jun. 2010.
MURPHY, M. R. C.; JORDAN, G. J.; BRODRIBB, T. J. Differential leaf expansion can enable hydraulic acclimation to sun and shade. Plant, Cell and Environment, [S.l.], v. 35, p. 1407-1418, 2012.
PINHEIRO, A. L.; LANI, L. L.; COUTO, L. Cedro Australiano: cultivo e utilização (Toona ciliata M.Roem. var. australis (F. Muell) Bahadur. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2006. 42 p.
RAVEN, P. H.; EICHHOM, S. E.; EVERT, R. F. Biologia vegetal. 8. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2014. 876 p.
RICHARDS, D.; ROWE, R. N. Effects of root restriction, root pruning and 6-benzylaminopurine on the growth of peach seedlings. Annals of Botany, Exeter, v. 41, n. 4, p. 729-740, jul. 1977.
RIEGER, M.; LIVTIN, P. Root system hydraulic conductivity in species with contrasting root anatomy. Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 50, n. 331, p. 201-209, feb. 1999.
ROCHA, A. M. S.; MORAES, J. A. P. V. Influência do estresse hídrico sobre as trocas gasosas em plantas jovens envasadas de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal, Campinas, v. 9, n. 1, p. 41-46, 1997.
RONCHI, C. P. et al. Growth and photosynthetic down-regulation in Coffea arabica in response to restricted root volume. Functional Plant Biology, Melbourne, v. 33, n. 11, p. 1013-1023, jan. 2006.
SHI, K. et al. Root restriction-induced limitation to photosynthesis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) leaves. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, v. 117, n. 3, p. 197-202, jul. 2008.
SINCLAIR, T. R.; ZWIENIECKI, M. A.; HOLBROOK, N. M. Low leaf hydraulic conductance associated with drought tolerance in soybean. Physiologia Plantarum, Lund, v. 132, n. 4, p. 446-451, apr. 2008.
SOLARI, L. I.; PERNICE, F.; DEJONG, T. M. The relationship of hydraulic conductance to root system characteristics of peach (Prunus persica) rootstocks. Physiologia Plantarum, Lund, v. 128, n. 2, p. 324-333, oct. 2006.
STEUDLE, E.; PETERSON, C. A. How does water get through roots? Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 49, n. 322, p. 775-788, may 1998.
TOMBESI, S. et al. Relationships between xylem vessel characteristics, calculated axial hydraulic conductance and size controlling capacity of peach rootstocks. Annals of Botany, Exeter, v. 105, n. 2, p. 327-331, nov. 2010.
TYREE, M. T. Hydraulic properties of roots. In: KROON, H.; VISSER, E. J. W. (Ed.). Root ecology. Berlin: Springer, 2003. p. 125-150.
TYREE, M. T.; EWERS, F. W. The hydraulic architecture of trees and other woody-plants. New Phytologist, Lancaster, v. 119, n. 3, p. 345-360, apr. 1991.
Downloads
Veröffentlicht
Zitationsvorschlag
Ausgabe
Rubrik
Lizenz
A CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da lingua, respeitando, porém, o estilo dos autores.
As provas finais poderão ou não ser enviadas ao autor.
Os trabalhos publicados passam a ser propriedade da revista CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL, sendo permitida a reprodução parcial ou total dos trabalhos, desde que a fonte seja citada. Os originais não serão devolvidos aos autores.
As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos trabalhos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.