A corpus study of negation and their disruptive patterns in political discourse
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2176148531175Palabras clave:
Negation, Inaugural political speech, Lexicogrammatical disruptionsResumen
This paper reports the results of a quantitative study on the patterns of negation and their intersections with lexicogrammatical systems in political discourse. The corpus, made up of the 45 inaugural speeches delivered by US presidents (122,848 words), was semiautomatically tagged following the theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics. Results show that the frequency of negation in this register is higher than that in the overall pattern of English. Besides, a recurrent interplay between negation and concession and some discoursal disruptions have been found to be statistically significant. Among them, outstand the intersections of negative polarity and modality, and no-negation and existential processes.
Descargas
Citas
ADJEI, A. A.; EWUSI-MENSAH, L. Transitivity in Kufour’s 2008 farewell speech to the Ghanaian Parliament. In: British Journal of English Linguistics, Vol.4, No.1, p. 36-49, 2016.
ADJEI, A. A.; EWUSI-MENSAH, L.; OKOH, H. Transitivity in political discourse: A study of the major process types in the 2009 state-ofthe-nation address in Ghana. In: Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, Vol. 16, p. 23-32, 2015.
APEL J, KNOEFERLE P, CROCKER M. W. Processing parallel structure: Evidence from eye-tracking and a computational model. In: VOSNIADOU, S; KAYSER, D; PROTOPAPAS, A (Eds.). Proceedings of European Cognitive Science Conference. Great Britain: Taylor and Francis, 2007, p. 125-131.
AHRENS, K. Corpus of political speeches. Hong Kong Baptist University Library, 2015. Available at: <http://digital.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/corpus/> Retrieved on: January 20, 2018.
BIBER, D.; JOHANSSON, S.; LEECH, G.; CONRAD, S; FINEGAN, E. Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1999.
BROWN, R. E. Varieties of no: Simple, complex, ironic, and poetic negativities in recent U.S. presidential campaigns. In: American Behavioral Scientist 57(12), p. 1731-1737, 2013.
CHARTERIS-BLACK, J. Politicians and rhetoric: The persuasive power of metaphor. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
CHILTON, P. Analysing political discourse: Theory and practice. London: Routledge, 2004.
DURÁN, J. M. The lexicogrammar of negation in US presidents’ inaugural speeches. In CHAPPELL, P.; KNOX, J. (Eds.). Transforming Contexts. Wollongong: The Organising Committee of the 44th International Systemic Functional Congress. 2017, p. 40-46.
DURÁN, J. M. An SFL analysis of existential clauses in research articles. In: KNOX, J. (Ed.). To boldly proceed: Papers from the 39th International Systemic Functional Congress. Sydney: The Organizing Committee of the 39th ISFC, 2012, p. 111-116.
DURÁN, J. M. The analysis of political discourse applied to Bush’s and Kerry’s speeches. In: NØRGAARD, N. (Ed.). Systemic functional linguistics in use: Odense working papers in language and communication. Odense: University of Southern Denmark, 2008, p. 267-282.
EGGINS, S. An introduction to systemic functional linguistics, 2nd edition. London and New York: Continuum, 2004.
FAIRCLOUGH, N. New labour, new language? London: Routledge, 2000.
FRAZIER, L. et al. Parallel structure: A source of facilitation in sentence comprehension. In: Memory & Cognition, 12 (5), p. 421-430, 1984.
GARCÍA NEGRONI, M.M. Discurso político, contradestinación indirecta y puntos de vista evidenciales: La multidestinación en el discurso político revisitada. In ALED 16 (1), 37-59, 2016.
GIVÓN, T. Negation in language: Pragmatics, function, ontology. In: COLE, P. (Ed.). Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 9: Pragmatics. New York: Academic Press, 1978, p. 69-112.
HALLIDAY, M. A. K. Towards probabilistic interpretations. In: VENTOLA, E. (Ed.). Trends in linguistics: functional and systemic linguistics: Approaches and uses. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1991a. Reprinted in: HALLIDAY, M. A. K. Computational and quantitative studies. Volume 6 in the Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, edited by WEBSTER, J. J. London and New York: Continuum, p. 42-62, 2006.
HALLIDAY, M. A. Corpus studies and probabilistic grammar. In: AIJMER, K.; ALTENBERG, B. (Eds.). English corpus linguistics: Studies in honour of Jan Svartvik. London and New York: Longman, 1991b. Reprinted in:
HALLIDAY, M. A. K. Computational and quantitative studies. Volume 6 in the Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, edited by WEBSTER, J. J. London and New York: Continuum, p. 63-75, 2005. WEBSTER, J. J. Language and knowledge: The ‘unpacking’ of text. In: ALLISON, D; WEE, L.; ZHIMING, B.; ABRAHAM, S. A. (Eds.). Text in education and society. Singapore: Singapore University Press and World Scientific, 1998. Reprinted in: HALLIDAY, M. A. K. The language of science studies. Volume 5 in the Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, edited by, WEBSTER, J. J. London: Continuum, p. 24-48, 2007.
HALLIDAY, M. A. K.; HASAN, R. Cohesion in English. London: Longman Group. 1976.
HALLIDAY, M. A. K.; JAMES, Z. L. A quantitative study of polarity and primary tense in the English finite clause. In SINCLAIR, J. M.; HOEY, M.; FOX, G. (Eds.), Techniques of description: Spoken and written discourse. London: Routledge, 1993. Reprinted in: HALLIDAY, M. A. K. Computational and quantitative studies. Volume 6 in the Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, edited by WEBSTER, J. J. London and New York: Continuum, p. 32-66, 2005.
HALLIDAY, M. A. K.; MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Construing experience through meaning: A language-based approach to cognition. Malden, New York: Continuum, 1999.
HALLIDAY, M. A. K.. Halliday’s introduction to functional grammar, 4th edition. London: Routledge, 2014.
HASAN, R. Semantic variation: Meaning in society and in sociolinguistics. The collected works of Ruqaiya Hasan, Vol. 2, edited by WEBSTER, J. J. London and Oakville: Equinox, 2009.
HETHERINGTON, M. J.; WEILER, J. Authoritarianism and polarization in American politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
HOEY, M. Patterns of lexis in text. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
HUDDLESTON, R. D.; PULLUM, G. K. The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
KAZEMIAN, B.; HASHEMI, S. Critical discourse analysis of Barack Obama’s 2012 speeches: Views from systemic functional linguistics and rhetoric. In: Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(6), p. 1178-1187, 2014.
KOUTCHADÉ, I. S. Discourse analysis of General Muhammadu Buhari’s official acceptance speech: A systemic functional perspective. In: International Journal of English Linguistics, v. 5, N° 5, p. 24-36, 2015.
KRIZSÁN, A. The EU is not them but us! The first person plural and the articulation of collective identities in European political discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011.
LAVANDERA, B. R.; PARDO, M. L. La negación en el discurso político: Patrones y rupturas. In Cuadernos del Instituto de Lingüística, 2, N° 2. Buenos Aires: Instituto de Lingüística, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 1987. Reprinted in: LAVANDERA, B. R. Variación y significado. Y discurso. Buenos Aires: Paidós, p. 325-345, 2014.
MAINWARING, S. Presidentialism, multipartism, and democracy: The difficult combination. In: Comparative Political Studies 26(2), p. 198-228, 1993.
MARTIN, J.R; ROSE, D. Working with discourse: Meaning beyond the clause. London and New York: Continuum, 2008.
MARTIN, J.R.; WHITE, P. R. R. The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
MARTÍNEZ LIROLA, M. The relation of meaning to wording in Mandela’s speech of inauguration as President: A systemic functional analysis of rhetorical devices, marked syntax and appraisal. In: Journal of Modern Languages 22, p. 19-31, 2012.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Frequency profiles of some basic grammatical systems: An interim report. In: THOMPSON, G.; HUNSTON, S. System and corpus: Exploring connections. London and Oakville: Equinox, 2006, p. 103-142.
MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. Register in the round: Registerial cartography. In: Functional Linguistics 2, p. 1-49, 2015.
MORANTE, R.; LIEKENS, A.; DAELEMANS, W. Learning the scope of negation in biomedical texts. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP ’08, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 25 - 27, 2008, p.715-724.
NUR, S. Analysis of interpersonal metafunction in public speeches: A case study of Nelson Mandela’s presidential inauguration speech. In: The International Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 30, N° 1, p. 52-63, 2015.
SEMINO, E. Metaphor in discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
THOMPSON, G. But me some buts: A multidimensional view of conjunction. In: Text 25(6), p. 763–791, 2005.
THOMPSON, G. Introducing functional grammar, 3rd edition. London and New York, 2014.
TOTTIE, G. Negation in English speech and writing: A study in variation. New York: Academic Press, 1991.
WANG, J. A critical discourse analysis of Barak Obama’s speeches. In: Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 1(3), p. 254-261, 2010.
WINTER, E. Clause relations as information structure: Two basic text structures in English. In: COULTHARD, M. (Ed.). Advances in written text analysis. London: Routledge, 1994, p. 46–68.
ZHOU, Q.; KAZEMIAN, B. A rhetorical identification analysis of English political public speaking: John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address. In: International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 4(1-1), p. 10-16, 2015.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2018 Letras
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Ficam concedidos a Letras todos os direitos autorais referentes aos trabalhos publicados. Os originais não devem ter sido publicados ou submetidos simultaneamente a outro periódico e não serão devolvidos. Em virtude de aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, em aplicações educacionais e não comerciais.
