Treaties with indigenous peoples in Canada – a not so serious essay

Auteurs-es

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.5902/2357797540895

Mots-clés :

Canada, Indigenous rights, Fishing rights, Treaties

Résumé

In contemporary Public International Law, the term ‘treaties’ has a precise meaning: it means “an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law” . Therefore, some may think that contemporary sovereign states understand the legal concept of a treaty is different from the historical context in which the Indigenous People of Canada negotiated those constitutive rights with the British Crown.  In Canada, there are several different treaties with Indigenous Peoples regarding different sorts of rights. The case of the treaties with the First Nations of Canada is a matter of searching for fairness. In the transition from colonial North America to modern Canada, the full meaning of the treaties with the Indigenous Nations was at least subverted. This statement is not a moral judgment; it is a legal as well as political issue ipso facto.

Téléchargements

Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.

Biographie de l'auteur-e

Felipe Kern Moreira, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande

Professor Associado (nível 2) de Direito Internacional nos cursos de Relações Internacionais, Comércio Exterior e Direito da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG. Vice-Diretor da Faculdade de Direito da FURG. Coordenador adjunto e professor permanente do Programa de Mestrado em Gerenciamento Costeiro - PPGC/FURG e professor colaborador no Programa de Mestrado em Direito e Justiça Social - PPGD/FURG. Líder dos grupos de pesquisa do CNPq "Laboratório de Pesquisas em Política e Direito do Mar-LaBMar" e "A formação de ordens normativas no plano internacional". International Visitor Fellowship (2019), Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. Doutor (2009) e Mestre (2004) em Relações Internacionais pela Universidade de Brasília-UnB. Scholarship Holder DAAD/CNPq (doutorado sanduíche) na Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universitaet Frankfurt am Main (2007-2009). Bacharel em Direito pela Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG (2001). 

Références

ADORNO. T. W; HULLOT-KENTOR, Bob; WILL, Frederic. “The essay as form”. In: New German Critique, n. 32, spring-summer, 1984, pp. 151-171.

AUSTEN, Ian; BILEFSKY, Dan. “Justin Trudeau’s Liberal Party Weakened but Re-Elected in Canadian Election”. In: New York Times. Oct. 21. 2019. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/world/canada/electi ons-canada-results.html. Accessed on: June 8, 2020.

BARROS, Priscila Ribeiro Prado. “Recognizing indigenous peoples’ rights: a comparative study between Brazil and Canada”. In: Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, v. 38, n. 1, 2013, pp. 35-49.

BÉDARD, Michel; LAGASSÉ, Phillippe (ed.) The Crown and Parliament. Montréal (Québec): Éditions Yvon Blais, 2015.

CANADA. Treaties 1760-61. Articles of Submission and Agreement at Boston in New England by Sauguaaram als Loron Arexus Francois Xavier and Meganumbe Delegates from the Tribes of Penobscot Naridgwalk St. Johns Cape Sable and other Tribes of the Indians inhabiting within His Majesty’s Territories of Nova Scotia and New England. [s/d.]. Available at: http://caid.ca/Treaty1760_61.pdf. Acessed on: June 9, 2020.

CANADA. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Canada’s Residential Schools: The History: Part 1 Origins to 1939. The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Volume 1. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015.

CAPISTRANO, Robert Charles G.; CHARLES, Anthony T. “Indigenous rights and coastal fisheries: A framework of livelihoods, rights and equity”. In: Ocean & Coastal Management, v. 69, December, 2012, pp. 200-209.

CASTRO, Eduardo Viveiros de. “Cosmological Deixis and Amerindian Perspectivism”. In: The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, v. 4, n. 3, September, 1998, pp. 469- 488.

CHALUPOVITSCH, Michael. Commercial Fishing Under Aboriginal and Treaty Rights: Supreme Court of Canada Decisions. Ottawa: Library of Parliament, 2019.

COTE, Charlotte. “Historical Foundations of Indian Sovereignty in Canada and the United States: A Brief Overview”. In: American Review of Canadian Studies, v. 31, n. 1–2, 2001, pp. 15–23.

ELIAS, Olufemi. “The Nature of the Subjective Element in Customary International Law”. In: The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, v. 44, n. 3, July, 1995, pp. 501-520.

HARRIS, Douglas C.; MILLERD, Peter. “Food Fish, Commercial Fish, and Fish to Support a Moderate Livelihood: Characterizing Aboriginal and Treaty Rights to Canadian Fisheries”. In: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, v. 82, n. 1, 2010, pp. 82-107.

HUNTER, Claire E. “New Justification for an Old Approach: In Defence of Characterizing First Nations Treaties as Contracts”. In: University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review, v. 62, n. 1, 2004, pp. 61-83.

KOHEN, Marcelo G. (ed.). Secession: International Law perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

LESTER, A. P. “State Succession to Treaties in the Commonwealth”. In: The International and Comparative Law Quarterly. v. 12, n. 2, April, 1963, pp. 475-507.

MOREIRA, Felipe Kern. “Regime Internacional dos Povos Indígenas: referências teórico-descritivas”. In: InterAção, v. 9, n. 1, 2018. Available at: https://periodicos.ufsm.br/interacao/article/view/33951. Acessed on: May 28, 2019.

PALACIOS, Sebastián Amaya; ZAPATA, Juan David Restrepo; GONZÁLEZ, Héctor Fernando Grajales. “La frontera norte novohispana y la resistencia indígena, 1763-1785”. In: Vegueta: Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia, n. 16, 2016.

SHAW, Malcom N. International Law. Fifth Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

SLATTERY, Brian. “Aboriginal Sovereignty and Imperial Claims”. In: Osgoode Hall Law Journal, v. 29, n. 4, 1991, pp. 681-703.

STEWART, Lyle. “Matthew, Marshall and a moderate living: Canada's supreme court has ruled that native people have a right to make a "moderate living" from natural resources. Matthew Coon Come says that's just the right to live in poverty”. In: This: Toronto, v. 34, n. 3, Nov./Dec., 2000.

UNITED NATIONS. “Viena Convention on the Law of Treaties. Done at Vienna on 23 May 1969. Entered into force on 27 January 1980”. In: United Nations, Treaty Series, v. 1155, 2005.

VITÓRIA, Francisco de. De Indis (1532). Available at: http://theahi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/ 10/Francisco-de-Vitoria-on-War.pdf. Accessed on: August 1st, 2015.

VODDEN, Kelly. New Spaces, Ancient Places: Collaborative Governance and Sustainable Development in Canada‘s Coastal Regions. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Geography. Simon Fraser University. Summer, 2009.

WALLACE, Sarah Isabel. “Peace and Friendship Treaties”. In: The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. May 28. 2018. Available at: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/peace-and-friendship-treaties. Accessed on: August 2019.

WICKEN, William C.; REID, John G. An overview of the eighteenth century treaties signed between the Mi’kmaq ans Wuastukwiuk Peoples and the English Crown, 1963-1928. Report submitted to Land and Economy Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. 1996. Available at: http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/bcp-pco/Z1-1991-1-41-150-eng.pdf. Accessed on: August 2019.

ZIEGLER, Karl-Heinz. Völkerrechtsgeschichte. 2. Auflage. München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 2007.

Téléchargements

Publié-e

2020-06-22

Comment citer

Moreira, F. K. (2020). Treaties with indigenous peoples in Canada – a not so serious essay. Revista InterAção, 10(2), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.5902/2357797540895

Numéro

Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019)

Rubrique

Ensaios

Licence

(c) Tous droits réservés Revista InterAção 2020

Licence Creative Commons

Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 4.0 International.