ORIGEM DOS COMPOSTOS HIDROFÓBICOS E SEUS EFEITOS EM FLORESTAS DE <i>Pinus</i> E <i>Eucalyptus</i>
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509820670Palavras-chave:
hidrofobicidade, repelência a água, dinâmica da água, florestas plantadas.Resumo
http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509820670
A hidrofobicidade pode ser entendida como a repelência do solo à água, dificultando o seu molhamento. Esse fenômeno está associado ao recobrimento das partículas do solo por substâncias orgânicas hidrofóbicas, sendo que atualmente existem inúmeros relatos de repelência à água em áreas de florestas de Eucalyptus e Pinus. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo revisar e elencar os aspectos relacionados à origem dos compostos hidrofóbicos e os seus efeitos na dinâmica da água no ambiente florestal, além de implicações no crescimento e desenvolvimento das árvores em florestas de Eucalyptus e Pinus. Reconhece-se que a vegetação local e algumas bactérias e fungos, em função da sua composição química, podem liberar substâncias orgânicas hidrófobas. Outro fator condicionante é a ocorrência de incêndios e queimadas, que induzem alterações nos compostos orgânicos e promovem o secamento do solo. Além disso, a composição granulométrica e o pH do solo podem estar indiretamente associados à ocorrência de repelência à água no solo. A existência de hidrofobicidade exige uma atenção diferenciada, principalmente em relação ao uso e manejo do solo, pois afeta diretamente o movimento da água na superfície e no interior do perfil de solo. Alterações na sortividade, redução da taxa de infiltração, escoamento superficial elevado e ocorrência de fluxo preferencial são os principais efeitos hidrológicos desse fenômeno. Em função das menores taxas de infiltração há aumento do escoamento superficial e redução da quantidade de água disponível, potencializando o processo erosivo e, consequentemente, afetando o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas.
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