Reproductive biology of espinheira-santa (Monteverdia ilicifolia, Celastraceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X44295Keywords:
Active Germplasm Bank, Floral biology, Reproductive phenologyAbstract
Monteverdia ilicifolia, popularly known as espinheira-santa, is a medicinal plant native of Brazil used in the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers. This paper aimed to evaluate floral morphology and biology, to characterize the reproductive system and to describe the reproductive phenology of M. ilicifolia. Floral morphology and biology analysis on espinheira-santa plants from an Active Germplasm Bank were performed. The reproductive system was evaluated through self-pollination, apomixis, cross-pollination, natural pollination and geitonogamy tests. Reproductive phenophases were followed for two years and correlated with climatic variables. All evaluated flowers are morphologically hermaphrodites; however, three floral types were found in terms of sexual expression: functionally female flowers, functionally male flowers and hermaphrodite flowers. Functionally male and functionally female flowers occur in different plants, characterizing an evolutionary process for dioecy in this species. The floral types can be differentiated by comparing the stamens length with the style length, stamens position, the color of the anthers and the amount of pollen in each flower. The species presented a preferably allogamous reproductive system. The reproductive period occurred from June to February, considering that the reproductive phenophases are correlated with temperature and length of day.
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