Species-specificity of fig wasps: a study with exotic figs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X26306Abstract
The figs are dependent on wasps of the Family Agaonidae for pollination of their flowers. As there is some discussion about the species-specifity of Agaonidae and Ficus, this study with exotic figs was carried out. There was no found any pollinator wasp in the figs studied. Only F. microcarpa, a native of South Asia and Australia, was pollinated by the same wasp species that occur in its native area. These results suggest the species-specificity for figs and pollinator wasps.
Downloads
References
WIEBES, J. T. Co-evolution of figs and their insect pollinators. Ann Rev Ecol Syst, 10: 1-12. 1979.
JANZEN, D. H. How to be a fig. Ann Rev Ecol Syst, 10: 13-51. 1979.
FIGUEIREDO, R. A. de. As figueiras e seus insetos polinizadores. Passaredo, São Carlos, 3: 29-30. 1986.
RAMÍREZ B., W. Host specifity of fig wasps (Agaonidae). Evolution, 24: 680-691. 1970.
BAKER, H. G. Ficus and Blastophaga. Evolution, 15: 378-379. 1961.
GALIL, J. & EISIKOWITCH, D. On the pollination ecology of Ficus sycomorus in East Africa. Ecology, 49: 259-269. 1968.
WIEBES, J. T. The genus Affonsiella Waterston (Hyrnenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae). Zool Meded, 47: 321-330. 1972.
MICHALOUD, G.; MICHALOUD-PELLETIER, S.; WIEBES, J. T. & BERG, C. C. The co-occurrence of two pollinating species of fig wasp and one species of fig. Proc K Ned Akad Wet C, 88: 93-119. 1985.
BERG, C. C. Classification and distribution of Ficus. Experientia, 45: 605-611. 1989.
RAMIREZ B., W. A new classification of Ficus. Ann Missouri Bot Gard, 64: 296-310. 1977.
MELLO FILHO, L. E. & NEVES, L. J. Sobre a anatomia foliar de Ficus lyrata warb. Rev Brasil Biol, 38, 431-444.
MELLO FILHO, L.E.; NEVES, L. J. & FERNANDES, L. D. R. S. Contribuição ao estudo da anatomia foliar de Ficus auriculata Lour. Boletim do Museu Nacional, 66, 1-21. 1982.
NEVES, L. J. & MELLO FILHO, L. E. Anatomia foliar de Ficus benijamina L. Bradea, 4: 295 -303. 1986.
FIGUEIREDO, R. A. de; MOTTA JUNIOR, J. C. & VASCONCELLOS, L. A. S. Pollination, seed dispersal, seed germination, and seedlings establishment of Ficus microcarpa in southeastern Brazil. Rev Brasil Biol, (submetido).
FIGUEIREDO, R. A. de & MOTTA JUNIOR, J. C. Análise da relação entre Ficus microcarpa (Moraceae) e um microhimenóptero hospedeiro na região de São Carlos, SP. Anais da Sociedade Botânica de são Paulo, 6, 103-107. 1986.
FIGUEIREDO, R. A. de & MOTTA JUNIOR, J. C. Notas bionômicas de um microhimenóptero (Pteromalidae, Chalcidoidea), hospedeiro de uma figueira ornamental. Seminário Regional de Ecologia, 5: 59 (resumo), São Carlos, Brasil. 1986.
WIEBES, J. T. Fig wasps (Hymenoptera) of New Guinea. Monographiae Biologicae, 42, 735-755. 1982.
MCKEY, D. Population biolology of figs: Applications for conservation. Experientia, 45, 661-673. 1989.
WIEBES, J. T. Philippine fig wasps 1. Records and descriptions of Otitesellini (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea, Torymidae). Zool Meded, 48, 145-161. 1974.
RAMÍREZ B., W. Evolution of blastophagy. Brenesia, 9, 1-13. 1976.
BRONSTEIN, J. L. Maintanance of species-specificity in a Neotropical fig-pollinator wasp mutualism. Oikos, 48: 39-46. 1987.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
To access the DECLARATION AND TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT LICENSE click here.
Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication
The Ciência e Natura journal is committed to ensuring ethics in publication and quality of articles.
Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: Authors, Editors, Reviewers, and the Publisher.
In particular,
Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review Articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The Authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. The corresponding Author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all Co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.
Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An Editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the Author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.
Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that Authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected Reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the Editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.