VASCULAR EPIPHYTIC COMMUNITY OF THE STATE PARK OF SERRA FURADA, SOUTH OF SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X14368Keywords:
método ponto-quadrante, diversidade, forófito, dossel, Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana.Abstract
http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460X14368
The Atlantic Forest biome is a complex assemblage of tropical ecosystems with a unique importance for harboring a representative part of the Brazilian and global biodiversity. Vascular epiphytes, an almost exclusive category of tropical forests, represent approximately 10% of all vascular plants and may achieve more than 25% of the species in countries with this type of formation. The purpose of this study was to carry out a floristic and structural survey of vascular epiphytes, including vertical spatial distribution, in the Serra Furada State Park (SFSP), a conservation unit of the Atlantic Forest biome, located in the South of Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Epiphytic species were sampled along seven transects established along an elevation gradient in the SFSP. Each transect comprised five point-centered quadrants, were the nearest tree with a DBH ≥ 10cm was considered as a sample unit. Each tree was further divided into two vertical zones, bole and crown, where the presence of epiphytes was registered. Additional sampling was performed by a “walking method” across the forest, in order to provide a more complete floristic list. Absolute and relative frequency on trees, boles and crowns were estimated as structural parameters, and an importance value was then calculated to provide a general species ordination. As a result, 115 species of vascular epiphytes were registered. Orchidaceae was the richest family, with 38 species, followed by Bromeliaceae and Polypodiaceae, with 23 and 14 species, respectively. Ecological categories included 94 species (81.7%) of true epiphytes, while the most frequent pollination and dispersion strategies were entomophilous (66,6%) and anemochorous (56,5%), respectively. Species frequency and richness showed significant differences between boles and crowns, reflecting higher values in the most favorable crown environment. Correlation coefficients showed a significant increase of species richness according to height and DBH of phorophytes. The results point out that the greater the height and diameter of trees, the greater the diversity of epiphytic species, highlighting the importance of preserving the forests.
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