Essential oils in the “in vitro” control of fungi causing root rot and trunk canker
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509891567Keywords:
Disease control, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Neofusicoccum parvum, Pseudofusicoccum kimberleyenseAbstract
The disease control caused by fungal pathogens is often achieved by using chemicals. However, alternatives that cause less environmental impact should be studied. Thus, essential oils (EOs) are a possibility which have potential for controlling plant diseases. This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the effects of different concentrations of the essential oils of Hesperozygis ringens (Benth.) Epling and Ocimum gratissimum L. on the development of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani (which cause root rot) and Neofusicoccum parvum and Pseudofusicoccum kimberleyense (which cause stem canker). For this purpose, the fungi were transplanted onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) culture medium, enriched with three concentrations of each of the EOs previously diluted in ethanol. The plates were incubated in a B.O.D. chamber. (25 °C, 12h photoperiod) for seven days. At the end of the incubation period, mycelial growth, sporulation, size and number of spores were evaluated. Based on the diameters of the colonies on the seventh day, the percentage of inhibition of mycelial growth was calculated. At a concentration of 1.00 μL. mL-1, Ocimum gratissimum essential oil significantly reduced the final diameter, together with sporulation of the fungal colonies of the isolates. Hesperozygis ringens essential oil also effectively controlled the pathogens. mL-1. Inhibition of mycelial growth was observed at all concentrations evaluated, proving the efficiency of the use of EOs in reducing the growth of fungal colonies. It is concluded that the essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum and Hesperozygis ringens present antifungal activity against the fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Neofusicoccum parvum and Pseudofusicoccum kimberleyense.
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