Physiological, sanitary study and disease management in forest seeds of Resex Quilombo do Frechal in Mirinzal/MA state

Abstract

The objective of this work was to trace the physiological, health and phytopathogen control in four species of forest seeds. Before the tests and treatments, the juçara (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), genipap (Genipa americana L.), annatto (Bixa Orellana L.) and calabash (Crescentia cujete L.) seeds were washed three times with 70% alcohol, 5% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water. Germination, emergency and health tests were performed according to the RAS. In the alternative management, Bacillus methylotrophicus isolate and neem oil were tested, being carried out through two independent experiments in a completely randomized design (DIC), with four treatments and eight repetitions. Experiment one was carried out by microbiolizing the seeds with B. methylotrophicus and, in experiment two, the seeds were sprayed with 15% neem oil with the aid of a manual spray. The seeds of juçara, genipapo, annatto and calabash, obtained 9.0%, 67.00%, 17.50%, 63.5% of germination; 0.5%, 7.00%, 0.5%, 63.5% emergency; 22.81%, 12.15%, 15.66%, 8.73% water content respectively. The phytopathogenic fungi with the highest incidence were Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., in the forest seeds of calabash, genipap, juçara and annatto, respectively. The seeds treated with neem oil and those microbiolized with B. methylotrophicus obtained significant control for Aspergillus sp; Penicillium sp., In genipap seeds; Lasiodiplodia sp. and Fusarium sp. in annatto seeds. Therefore, the use of B. methylotrophicus and neem oil can be considered viable alternatives to reduce pathogens from forest seeds.