Nanoemulsões de compostos bioativos de base de plantas com aplicações antimicrobianas: uma revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X74325Palavras-chave:
Atividade antimicrobiana, Nanopartículas, Produtos alternativosResumo
A busca por agentes antimicrobianos alternativos vem atraindo crescente interesse científico. Os produtos naturais de origem vegetal são fontes de diversas substâncias com atividades biológicas comprovadas, incluindo atividade antimicrobiana. O encapsulamento desses produtos na forma de nanoemulsão busca superar problemas inerentes a esses produtos, como instabilidade e degradação. Com base nessas considerações, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico de nanoemulsões produzidas a partir de substâncias derivadas de plantas, como óleos essenciais e extratos, com potencial antimicrobiano, com foco nas atividades antibacteriana, antifúngica e antiviral. Foram utilizados artigos e documentos publicados em periódicos de relevância científica, bem como palavras-chave classificadas nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde. Todos os documentos relevantes para esta pesquisa relataram que as nanoemulsões carregadas com óleos essenciais e extratos vegetais de diferentes espécies botânicas apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana in vitro contra diferentes microrganismos de importância médica, além de potencializar os efeitos antimicrobianos desses bioprodutos. Portanto, antimicrobianos nanoestruturados com óleos essenciais e extratos de plantas podem ser considerados opções de tratamento para doenças microbianas: devido às suas propriedades físico-químicas, atuam como melhores veículos de entrega de produtos naturais com boa biodisponibilidade, reduzindo a toxicidade e prolongando a vida útil desses antimicrobianos naturais, melhorando assim o tratamento de doenças humanas infecciosas.
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