Influence of aluminum doping on the mechanical properties of bilayer silicene
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X87036Keywords:
Bilayer silicene, Doping, Aluminum, Molecular dynamics, Mechanical propertiesAbstract
Silicene, a two-dimensional material with potential applications in future technologies, has garnered significant interest in the past decade. Recent attention has focused on modifying silicene's electronic and magnetic properties through adatom adsorption or substitutional doping. While the magnetic, electronic, and optical properties of doped silicene have been extensively studied, a noticeable gap exists in the literature concerning its mechanical properties. In this context, this study addresses this gap by exploring the mechanical characteristics of bilayer silicene doped with aluminum by employing molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of Al concentration on the material’s mechanical response is assessed by tensile tests performed at a strain rate of 1010 s-1. The findings reveal a monotonically decreasing strength with Al concentration in both loading directions, zigzag and armchair. The deformation initiates with the rupture of Si-Al bonds, ultimately leading to a brittle fracture.
Downloads
References
Andrade, J. S., Bastos, I. N., Aliaga, L. C. R. (2021). Determinação das características estruturais e mecânicas da liga de alta entropia Hf-Nb-Ta-Zr. VETOR - Revista De Ciências Exatas E Engenharias, 30(2), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.14295/vetor.v30i2.13090.
Barboza, A. M., Aliaga, L. C. R., Faria, D., Bastos, I. N. (2022). Bilayer graphene kirigami, Carbon Trends, 9, 100227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100227.
Barboza, A. M., Silva-Santos, J. A., Aliaga, L. C. R., Bastos, I. N., Faria, D. (2024). Silicene growth mechanisms on Au(111) and Au(110) substrates, Nanotechnology, 35, 165602. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ad1aff.
Castillo, M. R. C., Meza, M. A. R., Montes, L. M. (2018). Mechanical response of bilayer silicene nanoribbons under uniaxial tension. RSC Advances, 8, 10785–10793. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA12482A.
Chen, C.-H., Li, W.-W., Chang, Y.-M., Lin, C.Y. et al. (2018). Negative-Differential-Resistance Devices Achieved by Band-Structure Engineering in Silicene under Periodic Potentials. Physical Review Applied, 10, 044047. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.10.044047.
Chiappe, D., Scalise, E., Cinquanta, E., Grazianetti, C. et al. (2014). Two-Dimensional Si Nanosheets with Local Hexagonal Structure on a MoS2 Surface. Advanced Materials, 26, 2096–2101. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201304783.
Chowdhury, S., Jana, D. (2016). A theoretical review on electronic, magnetic and optical properties of silicene. Reports on Progress in Physics, 79, 126501. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/79/12/126501.
Dávila, M. E., Lay, G. L. (2022). Silicene: Genesis, remarkable discoveries, and legacy. Materials today advances, 16, 100312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100312.
Das, R., Chowdhury, S., Majumdar, A., Jana, D. (2015). Optical properties of P and Al doped silicene: a first principles study. RSC Advances, 5, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA07976K.
De Crescenzi, M., Berbezier, I., Scarselli, M., Castrucci, P. et al. (2016). Formation of Silicene Nanosheets on Graphite. ACS Nano, 10, 11163–11171. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b06198.
Dean, J.A. (1999). Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry. 15th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, St. Louis, San Francisco.
Ezawa, M. (2015). Monolayer Topological Insulators: Silicene, Germanene, and Stanene. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 84, 121003. https://doi.org/10.7566/JPSJ.84.121003.
Fleurence, A., Friedlein, R., Ozaki, T., Kawai, H. et al. (2012). Experimental Evidence for Epitaxial Silicene on Diboride Thin Films. Physical Review Letters, 108, 245501. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.245501.
Fu, H., Zhang, J., Ding, Z., Li, H. et al. (2014). Stacking-dependent electronic structure of bilayer silicene. Applied Physics Letters, 104 (13), 131904. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4870534.
Gablech, I., Pekárek, J., Klempa, J., Svatoš, V. et al. (2018). Monoelemental 2D materials-based field effect transistors for sensing and biosensing: Phosphorene, antimonene, arsenene, silicene, and germanene go beyond graphene. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 105, 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.008.
Galashev, A. Y., Suzdaltsev, A. V., Ivanichkina, K. A. (2020). Design of the high performance microbattery with silicene anode. Materials Science and Engineering B, 261, 114718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114718.
Gu X., Yang, R. (2015). First-principles prediction of phononic thermal conductivity of silicene: a comparison with graphene. Journal of Applied Physics, 117, 025102(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4905540.
Hirel, P. (2015). Atomsk: A tool for manipulating and converting atomic data files, Computer Physics Communications, 197, 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2015.07.012.
Huang, S., Kang, W., Yang, L. (2013). Electronic structure and quasiparticle bandgap of silicene structures. Applied Physics Letters, 102, 133106(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4801309.
Ipaves, B., Justo, J. F., Assali, L. V. C. (2022). Functionalized few-layer silicene nanosheets: stability, elastic, structural, and electronic properties. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 24, 8705–8715. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP05867C.
Jouhari, C., Liu, Y., Dickel, D. (2023). Phase-Field Modeling of Aluminum Foam Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations. In: TMS 2023 152nd Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 632–641.
Kharadi, M. A., Mittal, S., Saha, J. (2023). Structural, electronic and optical properties of fluorinated bilayer silicene. Optical Materials, 136, 113418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.113418.
Lee, K. W., Lee, C. E. (2020). Strain and doping effects on the antiferromagnetism of AB-stacked bilayer silicene. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 577, 411816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2019.411816.
Li, W. Z., He, Y., Mao, Y., Xiong, K. (2023). Tuning of magnetic, electronic and electrolytic water properties of silicene supported precious-metal by non-metal doping and vacancy defect, FlatChem, 38, 100486. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c03388.
Liu, B., Reddy, C. D., Jiang, J., Zhu, H. et al. (2014). Thermal conductivity of silicene nanosheets and the effect of isotopic doping. Applied Physics Letters, 47, 165301(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/16/165301.
Masson, L., Prévot, G. (2023). Epitaxial growth and structural properties of silicene and other 2D allotropes of Si. Nanoscale Advances, 5, 1574. DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NA00808D.
Maździarz, M. (2023). Transferability of interatomic potentials for silicene. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 14, 574–585. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.14.48.
Meng, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Du, S. et al. (2013). Buckled Silicene Formation on Ir(111). Nano Letters, 13, 685–690. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl304347w.
Mortazavi, B., Ahzi, S. (2012). Molecular dynamics study on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of boron doped graphene. Solid State Communications, 152, 15, 1503–1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2012.04.048.
Mortazavi, B., Ahzi, S., Toniazzo, V., Rémond, Y. (2012). Nitrogen doping and vacancy effects on the mechanical properties of graphene: A molecular dynamics study. Physics Letters A, 376, Issues 12–13, 1146–1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2011.11.034.
Nahid, S. M., Nahian, S., Motalab, M., Rakib, T. et al. (2018). Tuning the mechanical properties of silicene nanosheet by auxiliary cracks: a molecular dynamics study. RSC Advances, 8, 30354–30365. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA04728F.
Oughaddou, H., Enriquez, H., Tchalala, M. R., Bendounan, A. et al. (2016). Silicene: Structure, Properties and Applications; Spencer, M. J., Morishita, T., Eds., Springer International Publishing: Cham, 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28344-9_8.
Padilha, J. E., Pontes, R. B. (2015). Free-Standing Bilayer Silicene: The Effect of Stacking Order on the Structural, Electronic, and Transport Properties. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 119 (7), 3818–3825. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp512489m.
Peng, W., Xu, T., Diener, P., Biadala, L. et al. (2018). Resolving the Controversial Existence of Silicene and Germanene Nanosheets Grown on Graphite. ACS Nano, 12, 4754–4760. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b01467.
Qian, C., Li, Z. (2020). Multilayer silicene: Structure, electronics, and mechanical property, Computational Materials Science, 172, 109354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2019.109354.
Rahman, Md. H., Mitra, S., Motalaba, M., Bose, P. (2020). Investigation on the mechanical properties and fracture phenomenon of silicon doped graphene by molecular dynamics simulation. RSC Advances, 10, 31318–31332. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA06085B.
Rojas-Cuervo, A. M., Fonseca-Romero K. M., Rey-González, R. R. (2014). Anisotropic Dirac cones in monoatomic hexagonal lattices a DFT study. The European Physical Journal B, 87, 67. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2014-40894-9.
Roman, R. E., Cranford, S. W. (2014). Mechanical properties of silicene. Computational Materials Science, 82, 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.09.030.
Rouhi, S. (2017). Fracture behavior of hydrogen-functionalized silicene nanosheets by molecular dynamics simulations. Computational Materials Science, 131, 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.02.007.
Rouhi, S., Pourmirzaagha, H., Farzin, A. et al. (2019). Predicting the mechanical properties of multi-layered silicene by molecular dynamics simulations. Materials Research Express, 6, 085004. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab1b81.
Satta, M., Lacovig, P., Apostol, N., Dalmiglio, M. et al. (2018). The adsorption of silicon on an iridium surface ruling out silicene growth. Nanoscale, 10, 7085–7094. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR00648B.
Starikov, S., Gordeev, I., Lysogorskiy, Y., Kolotova, L. et al. (2020). Optimized interatomic potential for study of structure and phase transitions in Si-Au and Si-Al systems. Computational Materials Science, 184, 109891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109891.
Stepniak-Dybala, A., Krawiec, M. (2019). Formation of Silicene on Ultrathin Pb(111) Films. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 123, 17019–17025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b04343.
Stepniak-Dybala, A., Dyniec, P., Kopciuszyski, M., Zdyb, R. et al. (2019). Planar Silicene: A New Silicon Allotrope Epitaxially Grown by Segregation. Advanced Functional Materials, 29, 1906053. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201906053.
Stukowski, A. Visualization and analysis of atomistic simulation data with OVITO–the Open Visualization Tool. (2009). Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 18, 015012. https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/18/1/015012.
Subramaniyan, A. K., Sun, C. T. (2008). Continuum interpretation of virial stress in molecular simulations. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 45, 4340–4346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.03.016.
Takeda, K., Shiraishi, K. (1994). Theoretical possibility of stage corrugation in Si and Ge analogs of graphite. Physical Review B, 50, 14916–14922. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.50.14916.
Tao, L., Cinquanta, E., Chiappe, D., Grazianetti, C., Fanciulli, M. et al. (2015). Silicene field-effect transistors operating at room temperature. Nature Nanotech, 10, 227–231. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.325.
Tao, W., Kong, N., Ji, X., Zhang, Y. et al. (2019). Emerging two-dimensional monoelemental materials (Xenes) for biomedical applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 48, 2891–2912. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00823J.
Thompson, A. P., Aktulga, H. M., Berger, R., Bolintineanu, D. S. et al. (2022). LAMMPS - a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales. Computer Physics Communications, 271, 108171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2021.108171.
Van Bremen, R.; Yao, Q., Banerjee, S., Cakir, D., Oncel, N. et al. (2017). Intercalation of Si between MoS(2) layers. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 8, 1952–1960. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.196.
Vogt, P., De Padova, P., Quaresima, C., Avila, J. et al. (2012). Silicene: Compelling Experimental Evidence for Graphene like Two-Dimensional Silicon. Physical Review Letters, 108, 155501. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.155501.
Xu, P., Yu, Z., Yang, C., Lu, P. et al (2014). Comparative study on the nonlinear properties of bilayer graphene and silicene under tension. Super Lattices and Microstructures, 75, 647–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2014.08.022.
Wang, T., Li, C., Xia, C., Yin, L. et al. (2020). Silicene/BN vdW heterostructure as an ultrafast ion diffusion anode material for Na-ion battery. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 122, 114146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2020.114146.
Yang, C., Yu, Z., Lu, P., Liu, Y. et al. (2014). Phonon instability and ideal strength of silicene under tension. Computational Materials Science, 95, 420–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.07.046.
Ye X. S., Shao Z. G., Zhao H., Yang L. et al. (2014). Electronic and optical properties of silicene nanomeshes. RSC Advances, 4, 37998. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA03942D.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ciência e Natura
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
To access the DECLARATION AND TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT LICENSE click here.
Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication
The Ciência e Natura journal is committed to ensuring ethics in publication and quality of articles.
Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: Authors, Editors, Reviewers, and the Publisher.
In particular,
Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review Articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The Authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. The corresponding Author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all Co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.
Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An Editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the Author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.
Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that Authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected Reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the Editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.