Use of avoidance tests with earthworms Eisenia andrei e Eisenia fetida for identification of pesticides toxicity in Brazil: a brief review of the literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X35495Keywords:
Ecotoxicology, Soils, AvoidanceAbstract
The trade of pesticides in Brazil in 2017 was 539,944.95 tons of active ingredients. Tests that evaluate the avoidance behavior in soil fauna, such as earthworms, indicate the loss of soil habitat function and the risks of these pesticides to the environment. These organisms have chemoreceptors and sensory tubers in the body which make them highly sensitive to chemicals in the environment. The objective of the present study was to review the literature on the use of the Eisenia fetida e Eisenia andrei earthworm avoidance test in the evaluation of pesticides in Brazil. The databases PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were used for bibliographic research using the terms: earthworm, avoidance, Brazil or agrotóxicos, teste de fuga/evitamento, Eisenia fetida e Eisenia andrei. We found 13 studies, totaling 25 evaluations and 17 active ingredients, which evaluated the avoidance behavior in Eisenia fetida e Eisenia andrei in Brazil. The most tested pesticide, with eight evaluations, was the Glyphosate herbicide which is the most commercialized in Brazil. The avoidance behavior was observed in 17 evaluations. The use of this earthworm avoidance test is a sensitive tool to evaluate the ecotoxicological risks of pesticides.
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