The main outlines of chinese regulation about artificial intelligence

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5902/1981369485013

Keywords:

China, Personal data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Regulation, Public health

Abstract

This article examines regulatory and normative aspects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in China. Through international bibliographic review, the main motivating factors for AI development in the country are analyzed to allow parallels and identify potential points of contact with the discussion of the topic in the Brazilian context. Therefore, it highlights the regulatory reasons that lead China to invest in AI as a means to safeguard national interests. Subsequently, it discusses regulatory trends and challenges for AI from the Chinese perspective, including its controversial use for unauthorized personal data collection and social classification under the Social Credit System (SCS). An overview of the main normative documents that govern and promote AI in China is provided. Regulatory prospects for the application of AI in Chinese public health are examined. Finally, it is concluded that the study can be useful in the Brazilian context, provided that the significant cultural differences between the two societies are recognized.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Antonio Marcio da Cunha Guimaraes, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo

Doctor and Master in International Law from PUC/SP; Professor at the Faculty of Law of PUC/SP since 1991 in the Bachelor's degree and since 2007 in the Master's/Doctorate degree; Visiting Professor/Researcher at King's College University of London; Visiting Professor/Researcher at the Università Degli Studi di Milano; Lawyer and legal consultant – OAB/SP: 82,984; Leader of the PUC/SP Research Group with CNPq – DIGE – International Law and Economic Globalization; Author of legal works.

Felipe Grizotto Ferreira, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas

Professor of Constitutional Law, Tax Law and Legal Methodology at PUC-Campinas. He has a Master's degree in Human Rights and Social Development from PUC-Campinas. During his postgraduate studies, he was a researcher as a fellow at the São Paulo State Research Support Foundation - FAPESP. He graduated in Law from PUC-Campinas, with a sandwich period at the University of Coimbra (Portugal). He is a lawyer and has experience in the areas of Public Law; Digital Law; Civil and Business Law and Personal Data Protection.

David Felice Falivene Baptista, Pontificia Universidade Católica de Campinas

PhD student at the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering at UNICAMP, with a sandwich period at the School of Law at the University of Minho/Portugal. Graduated in Law from the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas). Graduated and Master in Electrical Engineering (emphasis in Computer Engineering), with a focus on Artificial Intelligence and Telecommunications from FEEC/UNICAMP. Guest Researcher at the Center for Research in Justice and Governance (JusGov – School of Law of the University of Minho/Portugal). Researcher in the AI ​​Regulation and Certification groups at Lawgorithm (USP Faculty of Law) and at the Institute of Advanced Studies (IdEA) of the Rectory of UNICAMP and the São Paulo Center for Energy Transition Studies (CPTEn/SP) – R&D Project at National Electrical Engineering Agency (ANEEL) Microgrids for Efficient, Reliable and Greener Energy (MERGE).

References

BALKIN, Jack M., Old-School/New-School Speech Regulation, Harvard Law Review, v. 127, p. 2296–2342, 2014.

BENGIO, Yoshua; COURVILLE, Aaron; GOODFELLOW; Ian. Deep Learning. CAMBRIDGE: MIT Press, 2016.

CHINA. Partido Comunista da China. The 13th Five Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China,2016 (trans. Compilation and Translation Bureau). Disponível em: https://en.ndrc.gov.cn/policies/202105/P020210527785800103339.pdf. Acesso em: 22 abr. 2022.

CHINA POWER. Is China ready for intelligent automation? Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2018. Disponível em: https://chinapower.csis.org/china-intelligent-automation/ Acesso em: 23 abr. 2022.

FANG, Alex. Chinese colleges to offer AI major in challenge to US. Nikkei Asian Review (2019). Disponível em: https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/China-tech/Chinese-colleges-to-offer-AI-major-in-challenge-to-US Acesso em: 23 abr. 2022

FJELD, Jessica et al, Principled Artificial Intelligence: Mapping Consensus in Ethical and Rights-based Approaches to principles for AI, Cambridge: Harvard University, 2020.

HO, Andy. AI can solve China’s doctor shortage. Here’s how. World Economic Forum (2018). Disponível em: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/09/ai-can-solve-china-s-doctor-shortage-here-s-how/ Acesso em: 23 abr. 2022

HOFFMANN-RIEM, Wolfgang, Inteligência Artificial Como Oportunidade para a Regulação Jurídica, Revista de Direito Público, v. 16, n. 90, p. 11–38, 2019.

LAURENTIIS, Lucas Catib de; FERREIRA, Felipe Grizotto.; BAPTISTA, David Felice Falivene. Passado, presente e futuro da proteção de dados contra a Administração Pública. In: Augusto Neves Dal Pozzo; Ricardo Marcondes Martins. (Org.). LGPD e administração pública: uma análise ampla dos impactos. p. 931-944. São Paulo: Thomson Reuters - Revista dos Tribunais, 2020.

LIU, Chuncheng, Multiple Social Credit Systems in China, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019.

MARANHÃO, Juliano Souza de Albuquerque; FLORÊNCIO, Juliana Abrusio; ALMADA, Marco, Inteligência artificial aplicada ao direito e o direito da inteligência artificial, Suprema - Revista de Estudos Constitucionais, v. 1, n. 1, p. 154–180, 2021.

MISTREANU, Simina. China is implementing a massive plan to rank its citizens, and many of them want in. Foreign Policy (2021). Disponível em:https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/03/life-inside-chinas-social-credit-laboratory/ Acesso em: 24 abr. 2022

NITZBERG, Mark; ZYSMAN, John, Algorithms, Data, and Platforms: The Diverse Challenges of Governing AI, Berkeley Roundtable On The International Economy, v. 1, n. BRIE Working Paper, p. 1–26, 2021.

PECOTIC, Adrian. Whoever Predicts the Future Will Win the AI Arms Race. Foreign Policy Magazine. (2019). Disponível em: https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/05/whoever-predicts-the-future-correctly-will-win-the-ai-arms-race-russia-china-united-states-artificial-intelligence-defense/. Acesso em: 22 abr. 2022

ROBERTS, Huw et al, The Chinese approach to artificial intelligence: an analysis of policy, ethics, and regulation, AI & SOCIETY, v. 36, n. 1, p. 59–77, 2021.

SI, Jason. These rules could save humanity from the threat of rogue AI. World Economic Forum (2019). Disponível em:https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/05/these-rules-could-save-humanity-from-the-threat-of-rogue-ai/ Acesso em: 24 abr. 2022

TUFEKCI, Zeynep. How the Coronavirus Revealed Authoritarianism’s Fatal Flaw. The Atlantic (2020). Disponível em: https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/coronavirus-an… Acesso em: 24 abr. 2022

VALERIANO, Brandon; MANESS, Ryan C., Cyber war versus cyber realities: cyber conflict in the international system, Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

WOLFGANG, Hoffmann-Riem, Teoria geral do direito digital: transformação digital: desafios para o Direito, Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2021.

ZHANG, Ping; LIANG, Yuan, China’s National Health Guiding Principles: a perspective worthy of healthcare reform, Primary Health Care Research & Development, v. 19, n. 01, p. 99–104, 2018.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-13 — Updated on 2026-04-24

Versions

Issue

v. 19 (2024): Publicação contínua

Section

Artigos científicos

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Licença Creative Commons
Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional.