Assessment of environmental impacts of the semi-intensive tilapia culture system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2236130819564Keywords:
Impact of wastewaters, Fish farming, TilapiaAbstract
The main objective of the present study is to assess the physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics of continuous wastewater and of fish harvesting in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming, considering the possible effects of wastewater discharges and alternatives to minimize their effects. The samples were collected between April and October, thus spanning the whole developmental cycle of tilapia. The dissolved oxygen demand is the major cause of environmental problems, but the eutrophication index is low despite considerable total phosphorus levels compared to the legal standards established by Resolution 357/05 of the Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA). The environmental pressure index amounted to 2.47, which underscores the necessity for measures that can minimize this impact. The use of wastewaters in irrigation is the best alternative, resulting in rational water use, lower fertilizer utilization rates and reduction of water pollution.
Downloads
References
APHA, American Public Health Association; AWWA, American Water Works Association; WEF, Water Environment Federations. 21st ed. Washington D.C., 2005.
ARVANITOYANNIS, I.S.; KASSAVETI, A. Water management for the food industries – Fish waste management: treatment methods and potential uses of treated waste, Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2008. p.861-924.
AUBIN, J. et al. Assessment of the environmental impact of carnivorous finfish production systems using life cycle assessment. 2009. Journal of Cleaner Production, v.15, p.354-361, 2009. Available from: http//.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.08.008. Accessed: Jan. 20, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.08.008.
AZAZA, M.S. et al. Growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fed with differently heated soybean-meal-based diets. Aquacult Int., v.17, p.507-521, 2008. Available from: http//.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-008-9220-8. Accessed: Fev. 25, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s10499-008-9220-8.
BACKMAN, D.C. et al. Operational decisions in response to a performance-based regulation to reduce organic waste impact near Atlantic salmon farms in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Cleaner Production, v.17, p.374-379, 2009. Available from: http//.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.08.019. Accessed: Fev. 23, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.08.019.
BRASIL, Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) Resolução no. 357 de 17 de março de 2005.
BRASIL, Secretaria da Saúde e Meio Ambiente do Rio Grande do Sul (CONSEMA) Resolução nº. 128 de 24 de novembro de 2006.
CAMPOS, C.M. et al. Avaliação econômica da criação de tilápias em tanque-rede, município de Zacarias, SP. B. Inst. Pesca, v.33, p.265-271, 2007.
CARVALHO, E.D. et al. Productive development of Nile tilapia raised in net cages at a public reservoir: brief analysis of the empirical model of classification. Ciência Rural, v.40, n.7, p.1616-1622, jul. 2010.
CONTE, L. et al. Productivity and economics of Nile Tilapia Oreachromis niloticus cage culture in South-East Brazil. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, v.20, p.18-37, 2008. Available from: http//.doi.org/10.1080/10454430802022060. Accessed: Fev. 23, 2015. doi: 10.1080/10454430802022060.
FIGUEIRÊDO M. C. B. et al. Impactos ambientais do lançamento de efluentes da carcinicultura em águas interiores. Eng. Sanitária e Ambiental, v.10, p.167-174, 2005.
IBRAHIM, N.; EL NAGGAR, G. Water quality and economics of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and African catfish, clarias gariepinus, monoculture and polycultures. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v.41. p.574-582, 2010. Available from: http//.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00397.x. Accessed: Fev. 23, 2015. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00397.x.
LEOPOLD, L.B. et al. A procedure for evaluating environmental impact. Geological Survey Circular, Washington D.C. (1971).
LIN, S. et al. Effects of four vegetable protein supplementation on growth, digestive enzyme activities, and liver functions of Juvenile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v.41, p.583-593, 2010. Available from: http//.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00398.x. Accessed: Jan. 13, 2015. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00398.x.
MAINARDES-PINTO, C.S.R. et al. Desempenho produtivo da tilápia tailandesa, Oreochromis nicoticus, estocada em diferentes quantidades de tanque–rede instalados em viveiros povoados com a mesma espécie, B. Inst. Pesca, v.33, p.53-62, 2007.
OSOFERO, S.A. et al. Effect of stocking density on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus 1757) growth and survival in bomboo – net cages trial. African Journal of Biotechnology, v.8, p.1322-1325, 2009.
SAAP. Avaliação Ambiental de Processos. p. 1-79 [CD-ROM], Ouro Preto/MG: EPTOF. 2006.
SANTOS, L.M.M. Avaliação ambiental de processos industriais. 2.ed. Ouro Preto/MG: ETFOP. 2006.
VON SPERLING, E. A avaliação do estudo trófico de lagos e reservatórios tropicais. Revista BIO, v.3, p.68-73. 1994.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Ethical guidelines for journal publication
The REMOA is committed to ensuring ethics in publication and quality of articles.
Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: Authors, Editors, Reviewers, and the Publisher.
In particular,
Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. The corresponding author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.
Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.
Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviews should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.
