Biodegradação de resíduos lignocelulósicos por fungos basidiomicetos: Caracterização dos resíduos e estudo do complexo enzimáticofúngico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2236117016853Schlagworte:
Resíduos lignocelulósicos, Fungos basidiomicetos, Biodegradação, EnzimasAbstract
Ampla variedade e quantidade de resíduos orgânicos são gerados anualmente pela atividade agroindustrial humana. Os materiais residuais constituem um fator negativo na avaliação econômica das operações agrícolas e florestais, provocando efeitos adversos sobre o ambiente no decorrer da sua disposição final. Com isso, surgiu a necessidade do desenvolvimento de pesquisas com o intuito de agregar valor aos produtos e subprodutos da agricultura, principalmente pelo aumento da geração destes. A utilização de resíduos da agroindústria brasileira, além de fornecer diferentes alternativas de substratos para a fermentação, também ajuda nos problemas de poluição ambiental. Uma das possibilidades na degradação de materiais lignocelulósicos é o uso de microrganismos que produzam enzimas específicas que hidrolisam a celulose, como a avicelase, carboximetilcelulase e b-glicosidase (Celulases) enzimas que atuam sobre a porção celulósica, as xilanases, mananases, glucanases e galactanases (Hemicelulases) que atuam sobre a porção hemicelulósica e as enzimas oxidativas como a lignina peroxidase, manganês peroxidase e lacase, definidas como fenoloxidases, que atuam sobre a lignina. Com isso, o objetivo desta revisão é demonstrar a potencialidade de biodegradação destes resíduos agrícolas através da utilização de enzimas lignocelulolíticas produzidas por fungos do gênero basidiomicetos, que na literatura científica, são apontados como naturais degradadores destas matrizes.
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