Mitologia e teoria de Relações Internacionais na África: avanços do novo regionalismo
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5902/2357797513376Mots-clés :
África, Novo Regionalismo, mitos, política externa, potências regionais.Résumé
No contexto da existência de mitos sobre a África na disciplina de Relações Internacionais, este trabalho argumenta a favor do Novo Regionalismo como alternativa teórico-metodológica capaz de servir de base para a integração de conceitos e a produção de conhecimentos mais amplos. Como exemplo, introduz a análise sobre possibilidades e limites da agência e estrutura, mediante uma proposta de estudos sobre política externa de potências regionais e penetração extrarregional.
Téléchargements
Références
ABRAHAMSSON, Hans. “Hegemon, Region and Nation-State: The Case of Mozambique”. In: HETTNE, Björn; INOTAI, András; SUNKEL, Osvaldo (Org.). National Perspectives On the New Regionalism in the South: Vol. 3. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000. .
ACHARYA, Amitav. “The emerging regional architecture of world politics (Review article)”. In: World Politics, v. 59, n. July, 2007, pp. 629–652. Disponível em: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0043887100004664. Acesso em: 26 de novembro de 2013.
ARRIGHI, Giovanni. O Longo Século XX. Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto, 1996.
AU. Audit of the African Union. African Union High-level Panel. Addis Ababa: African Union, 2007.
AUC. Status of Integration in Africa. . Addis Ababa: African Union, African Union Commission, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.au.int/ar/sites/default/files/SIA2013(latest)_En.pdf. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
AYOOB, Mohammed. “The Security Problematic of the Third World (Review article)”. In: World Politics, v. 43, n. 02, January, 1991, pp. 257–283.
AZAR, Edward E.; MOON, Chung-In (Org.). National Security in the Third World: The Management of Internal and External Threats. College Park: Univ of Maryland CIDCM, 1988.
BABARINDE, Olufemi A. “Regionalism and African Foreign Policies”. In: WRIGHT, Stephen (Org.). African Foreign Policies. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999. pp. 215–236.
BAQUERO, Marcello. A Pesquisa Quantitativa nas Ciências Sociais. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS, 2009.
BENNET, Jody Ray. Uganda’s Oil Opportunity. Oil Price, 13 jun. 2010. Disponível em: http://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/Ugandas-Oil-Opportunity.html. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
BOSCO, David. South Africa and Nigeria talk Security Council reform. Foreign Policy, Washington, 8 maio. 2013. Disponível em: http://bosco.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/05/08/south_africa_and_nigeria_talk_security_council_reform. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
BUZAN, Barry; WÆVER, O. Regions and Powers: the structure of international security. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2003.
CASTELLANO DA SILVA, Igor. “From OAU to AU: 50 Years of African Continentalism”. In: Mundorama, v. 67, n. Março, 2013. Disponível em: http://mundorama.net/2013/03/30/from-oau-to-au-50-. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
CHANG, Ha-Joon. Chutando a Escada: a estratégia do desenvolvimento em perspectiva histórica. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2004.
CLAPHAM, Christopher. Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
CLAPHAM, Christopher. Third World Politics: Na Introduction. London: Routledge, 1985.
COW. National Material Capabilities (v4.0). Disponível em: http://www.correlatesofwar.org/COW2Data/Capabilities/NMC_v4_0.csv. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
COX, Robert W. “Gramsci, hegemony, and international relations: an essay in method”. In: COX, Robert W.; SINCLAIR, Timothy J. (Org.). Approaches to world order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. .
DELOITTE. The Rise and Rise of the African Middle Class. London: Deloitte & Touche, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-SouthAfrica/LocalAssets/Documents/rise_and_rise.pdf. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
DESTRADI, Sandra. Empire, hegemony, and leadership: Developing a research framework for the study of regional powers. Hamburg: GIGA Research Programme: Violence, Power and Security, 2008. Disponível em: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1143902. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
DIALLO, Mamadou Alpha. “Relações Interafricanas: Senegal e os desafios da Integração Regional”. In: Século XXI, v. 3, n. 1, 2012, pp. 11–24.
DRAPER, Peter; SCHOLVIN, Sören. The Economic Gateway to Africa? Geography, Strategy and South Africa’s Regional Economic Relations. Johannesburg: SAIIA – Economic Diplomacy Programme, 2012.
ESTERHUYSE, Abel. “The Iraqization of Africa? Looking at AFRICOM from a South African Perspective”. In: Strategic Studies Quarterly, n. Spring, 2008.
FAWCETT, Louise. “Exploring Regional Domains: A Comparative History of Regionalism”. In: International Affairs, v. 80, n. 3, maio, 2004, pp. 429–446. Disponível em: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2004.00391.x. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
FAWN, Rick. ““Regions” and their study: wherefrom, what for and whereto?” In: Review of International Studies, v. 35, n. S1, 2009, p. 5. Disponível em: http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0260210509008419. Acesso em: 23 de março de 2013.
FLEMES, Daniel. “Regional power South Africa: Cooperative hegemony constrained by historical legacy”. In: Journal of Contemporary African Studies, v. 27, n. 2, abril, 2009, pp. 135–157. Disponível em: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02589000902867238. Acesso em: 26 de novembro de 2013.
FRAZIER, Derrick; STEWART-INGERSOLL, Robert. “Regional powers and security: A framework for understanding order within regional security complexes”. In: European Journal of International Relations, v. 16, n. 4, 2010, pp. 731–753. Disponível em: http://ejt.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1354066109359847. Acesso em: 29 de junho de 2012.
GAMES, Dianna. South Africa as Africa ’ s Gateway: A Perspective From Business. Johannesburg: SAIIA - Economic Diplomacy Programme, 2012
GILPIN, Robert. Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
HANSON, Jonathan K; SIGMAN, Rachel. Leviathan’s Latent Dimensions: Measuring State Capacity for Comparative Political Research. . [S.l.]: Paper presented at the World Bank Political Economy Brown Bag Lunch Series, 2013
HARTMANN, Peter. Ticket out of poverty. Disponível em: http://r4dreview.org/2008/09/ticket-out-of-poverty/. Acesso em: 28 de novembro de 2013.
HERBST, Jeffrey. States and Power in Africa. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
HÖHN, Karl Hermann. Geopolitics and the Measurement of National Power. 2011. Universität Hamburg, 2011.
HURRELL, Andrew. “One world? Many worlds? The place of regions in the study of international society”. In: International Affairs, v. 83, n. 1, jan., 2007, pp. 127–146. Disponível em: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00606.x. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
IGLESIAS PUENTE, Carlos Alfonso. A cooperação técnica horizontal brasileira como instrumento de política externa: a evolução da cooperação técnica com países em desenvolvimento –CTPD- no período 1995-2005. Brasília: FUNAG, 2010.
IISS. The Military Balance 2004-2005. London: Routledge, 2005.
__________. The Military Balance 2007. London: Routledge, 2007.
__________. The Military Balance 2010. London: Routledge, 2010.
IPEA/BM. Ponte sobre o Atlântico Brasil e África Subsaariana: parceria Sul-Sul para o crescimento. Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada/Banco Mundial, 2011. Disponível em: http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/images/stories/PDFs/livros/livros/120113_livropontesobreoatlanticopor2.pdf. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
JACKSON, Robert H.; ROSBERG, Carl G. “Why Africa’s Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the Juridical in Statehood”. In: World Politics, v. 35, n. 01, jun., 1982, pp. 1–24. Disponível em: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0043887100004160. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
KAHN, M J. “The BRICs and South Africa as the Gateway to Africa”. In: The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, v. 111, n. July, 2011, pp. 493–496.
KATZENSTEIN, Peter J. A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.
KELLY, Robert E. “Security Theory in the “‘New Regionalism’”. In: International Studies Review, v. 9, 2007, pp. 197–229.
KHADIAGALA, Gilbert M. “Foreign Policy Decisionmaking in Southern Africa’s Fading Frontline”. In: KHADIAGALA, Gilbert M.; LYONS, Terrence (Orgs.). African Foreign Policies: Power and Process. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001. pp. 131–158.
KHADIAGALA, Gilbert M.; LYONS, Terrence. “Foreign Policy Making in Africa: An Introduction”. In: KHADIAGALA, Gilbert M.; LYONS, Terrence (Orgs.). African Foreign Policies: Power and Process. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001. pp. 1–14.
LAKE, David A. “Regional Security Complexes: A Systems Approach”. In: LAKE, David A.; MORGAN, Patrick (Orgs.). Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.
LANDSBERG, Chris. “An African “Concert of Powers”? Nigeria and South Africa’s construction of the AU and NEPAD”. In: ADEBAJO, Adekeye; MUSTAPHA, Abdul Raufu (Orgs.). Gulliver’s Troubles: Nigeria's Foreign Policy after the Cold War. Scottsville: University Of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2008. pp. 203–219.
LANDSBERG, Chris. The Diplomacy of Transformation: South African Foreign Policy and Statecraft. Johannesburg: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
LEMKE, Douglas. “Dimensions of Hard Power: Regional Leadership and Material Capabilities”. In: FLEMES, Daniel (Org.). Regional Leadership in the Global System. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010.
LEMKE, Douglas. Regions of War and Peace. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
LTIMES. Libyan investments In Africa – what now? Lusaka Times, Lusaka, 27 fev. 2011.
MAKINDA, Samuel M.; OKUMU, F. Wafula. The African Union: Challenges of globalization, security, and governance. London: Routledge, 2008.
MEARSHEIMER, John J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: WW Norton, 2002.
MONSANTO. 2012 Global Agricultural Productivity Report. Washington: Global Harvest Initiative, 2012. Disponível em: http://globalharvestinitiative.org/GAP/GHI_2012_GAP_Report_Int.pdf. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
MOYO, S.; YEROS, P.; JHA, P. “Imperialism and Primitive Accumulation: Notes on the New Scramble for Africa”. In: Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy, v. 1, n. 2, ago., 2012, pp. 181–203. Disponível em: http://ags.sagepub.com/content/1/2/181.refs?citedby=yes&legid=spags;1/2/181#cited-by. Acesso em: 28 de novembro de 2013.
MRE. Reunião do Presidente Lula com Embaixadores brasileiros na África. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/sala-de-imprensa/notasa-imprensa/2009/02/20/reuniao-do-presidente-lula-comembaixadores. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
MUBILA, Maurice; AISSA, Mohamed-Safouane Ben; LUFUMPA, Charles Leyeka. The Middle of the Pyramid: Dynamics of the Middle Class in Africa. . Tunis: African Development Bank, 2011. Disponível em: http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/The Middle of the Pyramid_The Middle of the Pyramid.pdf>. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
MUSIITWA, Jacqueline Muna; WACHIRA, Charles. Why South Africa is not the world’s gateway to Africa. Disponível em: http://www.thoughtleader.co.za/archbishoptutufellows/2012/03/29/why-south-africa-is-not-the-worldsgateway-to-africa/. Acesso em: 28 de novembro de 2013.
NABERS, Dick. “Power, Leadership and Hegemony in International Politics”. In: FLEMES, Daniel (Org.). Regional Leadership in the Global System. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010.
NESNERA, Andre De. “UN Security Council Reform May Shadow Annan’s Legacy”. In: VOA News, Washington, 1 nov. 2006. Disponível em: http://web.archive.org/web/20061102142909/http://voanews.com/english/2006-11-01-voa46.cfm> Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
NOLTE, Detlef. “How to compare regional powers: analytical concepts and research topics”. In: Review of International Studies, v. 36, n. 04, nov., 2010, pp. 881–901. Disponível em: http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S026021051000135X. Acesso em: 23 de março de 2013.
ODÉN, Bertil. “The Southern Africa Region and the Regional Hegemon”. In: HETTNE, Björn; INOTAI, András; SUNKEL, Osvaldo (Orgs.). National Perspectives On the New Regionalism in the South: Vol. 3. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.
OECD. OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews: Germany 2010. [S.l.]: OECD Publishing, 2011.
ORI, Konye Obaji. “UN permanent seat: Nigeria taunts South Africa, Egypt”. In: Afrik-News, Paris, 7 mar. 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.afriknews.com/article15393.html. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
PAUTASSO, Diego. “The chinese continental economy and its gravitating effect”. In: Revista de Sociologia e Política, v. 19, 2011, pp. 45–56. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-44782011000400005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
PEDERSEN, Thomas. “Cooperative hegemony: power, ideas and institutions in regional integration”. In: Review of International Studies, v. 28, n. 04, 2002, p. 677–696. Disponível em: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0260210502006770. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
PENCE, Eliot. Does South Africa really understand Africa? Disponível em: http://africanarguments.org/2012/11/19/does-southafrica-really-understand-africa-by-eliot-pence/. Acesso em: 28 de novembro de 2013.
PLOCH, Lauren. Africa Command: U.S. Strategic Interests and the Role of the U.S. Military in Africa. [S.l.]: US Congressional Research Service, 2011.
PORTEOUS, Tom. Britain in Africa. London: Zed Books, 2008.
RENOU, Xavier. “A New French Policy for Africa?” In: Journal of Contemporary African Studies, v. 20, n. 1, jan., 2002, pp. 5–27. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589000120104035. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
REUTERS. FACTBOX-Libyan investments in Africa. REUTERS, 8 mar. 2011.
RFI. “La France se prépare à intervenir en Centrafrique”. In: Radio France Internationale, Paris, 23 nov. 2013. Disponível em: http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20131123-france-prepare-intervenir-centrafrique-seleka-djotodia-rcahollande-fabiusmisca?ns_campaign=nl_AFRIQUE231113&ns_mchannel=newsletter&ns_source=emailvision&ns_linkname=lire-5&ns_fee=0. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
ROXBURGH, Charles et al. Lions on the move: The progress and potential of African economies. London: McKinsey Global Institute, 2010.
SCHIRM, S. A. “Leaders in need of followers: Emerging powers in global governance”. In: European Journal of International Relations, v. 16, n. 2, nov., 2009, pp. 197–221. Disponível em: http://ejt.sagepub.com/content/early/2009/11/24/1354066109342922. Acesso em: 11 de novembro de 2013.
SHAW, Timothy M.; NYANG’ORO, Julius E. “Conclusion: African Foreign Policies and the Next Millennium: Alternative Perspectives, Practices, and Possibilities”. In: WRIGHT, Stephen (Org.). African Foreign Policies. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999. pp. 237–248.
SÖDERBAUM, Fredrik; SHAW, Timothy M. (Orgs.). Theories of New Regionalism. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
TAHA, Muhammad. “Egypt calls for Security Council reform”. In: Daily News Egypt, Cairo, 31 out. 2013. Disponível em: http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/10/31/egyptcalls-for-security-council-reform/. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
THE ECONOMIST. “A more hopeful continent: The lion kings?” In: The Economist, London, 6 jan. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.economist.com/node/17853324. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
__________. “South Africa: The gateway to Africa?” In: The Economist, London, 2 jun. 2012. Disponível em: http://www.economist.com/node/21556300. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
TIEKU, Thomas Kwasi. “Collectivist Worldview: Its Challenge to International Relations”. In: CORNELISSEN, Scarlett; CHERU, Fantu; SHAW, Timothy M. (Orgs.). Africa and International Relations in the 21st Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. .
TILLY, Charles. Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
TODD, Emmanuel. Depois do Império: a decomposição do sistema americano. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2003.
UA; AFDB; NEPAD. Programa para Desenvolvimento das Infra-estruturas em África. Addis Ababa: União Africana, 2012. Disponível em: http://www.bndes.gov.br/SiteBNDES/export/sites/default/bndes_pt/Galerias/Arquivos/conhecimento/seminario/BNDES60_PIDA_note.pdf. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
VASILYEV, Aleksei; KORENDYASOV, Evgeny. “Russian-African relations in ten years: a new start”. In: Russian International Affairs Council, Moscow, 21 jun. 2013. Disponível em: http://russiancouncil.ru/en/inner/?id_4=2002#top. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
VISENTINI, Paulo F. A África na Política Internacional: O sistema interafricano e sua inserção mundial. Curitiba: Juruá, 2010.
VIZENTINI, Paulo F. O descompasso entre as nações. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2004.
WALTZ, Kenneth. Theory of International Politics. Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1979.
WB. World Databank. Disponível em: http://databank.worldbank.org. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.
WILLIAMS, Paul D. War and Conflict in Africa. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2011. p. 320
WONACOTT, Peter. “A New Class of Consumers Grows in Africa”. In: The Wall Street Journal, New York, 2 maio. 2011. Disponível em: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703703304576296663397991894. Acesso em: 29 de novembro de 2013.