A construção da Governança Digital Global: dos imaginários sociais à ordem institucional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2357797593667Palavras-chave:
Governança digital global, Processos de institucionalização, Construtivismo de atos de fala, Significações imaginárias, Teoria de relações internacionaisResumo
A Governança Digital Global (GDG) constitui um domínio de intensa contestação constitutiva pela ordem normativa do ciberespaço. Este artigo argumenta que as abordagens teóricas predominantes nas Relações Internacionais, focadas em estruturas de regime, agência de atores ou tecnicalidades, são insuficientes para capturar a natureza processual, discursiva e histórica da institucionalização neste campo. Proponho um arcabouço teórico integrado que articula construtivismo de atos de fala, universos simbólicos e significações imaginárias sociais. O objetivo é demonstrar que a disputa pela GDG não é meramente regulatória, mas uma luta ontológica pelos princípios de ordem do século XXI, travada através da performance de atos de fala que buscam instituir regras, extraindo legitimidade de universos simbólicos em conflito e propondo significações imaginárias rivais. Através de análise crítica de discurso de documentos-chave, o artigo decifra esta disputa como uma crise da forma simbólica da soberania, onde projetos concorrentes buscam subvertê-la (modelo libertário-tecnoutópico), reafirmá-la (modelo soberanista cibernético) ou hibridizá-la (modelo regulacionista baseado em valores). Conclui-se que a institucionalização na GDG é um processo civilizador em curso: a próxima fase da longa luta histórica pelo monopólio da autoridade legítima. A contribuição teórica reside em oferecer uma lente multicamadas para analisar a política global como um embate contínuo pela criação do mundo comum através da linguagem. Assim, este movimento teórico avança o construtivismo para além de "normas" e "identidade", e evidencia que toda escolha técnica é, em última instância, uma escolha política sobre o futuro da autoridade global.
Downloads
Referências
ADAMS, S. Interpreting Creation: Castoriadis and the Birth of Autonomy. Thesis Eleven, v. 83, n. 1, p. 25-41, 2005. DOI: 10.1177/0725513605057135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513605057135
ANDERSEN, N. A. The technocratic rationality of governance - the case of the Danish employment services. Critical Policy Studies, v. 15, n. 4, p. 425–443, 2020. DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2020.1866629 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2020.1866629
AUSTIN, J. L. How to do things with words. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.
BAINES, V. Digital Technologies, Governance and International Law. In: BJOLA, C.; KORNPROBST, M. (Eds.). Digital International Relations: Technology, Agency and Order. London and New York: Routledge, 2024. p. 258-282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003437963-14
BARBROOK, R. The Regulation Of Liberty: Free Speech, Free Trade and Free Gifts on the Net. Science as Culture, v. 11, n. 2, p. 155-170, 2002. DOI: 10.1080/09505430220137225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09505430220137225
BARBROOK, R.; CAMERON, A. The Californian Ideology. Science as Culture, v. 6, n. 1, p. 44-72, 1996. DOI: 10.1080/09505439609526455 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09505439609526455
BARLOW, J. P. A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, 1996. In: https://www.eff.org/pt-br/cyberspace-independence. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37514/RNT-J.1996.3.6.21
BARNETT, M.; FINNEMORE, M. Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics. New York: Cornell University Press, 2004.
BARTELSON, J. Becoming International. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009400718
BARTELSON, J. Sovereignty as Symbolic Form. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315774909
BARTELSON, J. Visions of World Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511642296
BEARDSWORTH, R. J. Cosmopolitanism and International Relations Theory. Cambridge: Polity, 2011.
BECK, U. Cosmopolitical Realism: On the Distinction between Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy and the Social Sciences. Global Networks: A Journal of Transnational Affairs, v. 4, n. 2, p. 131-156, 2024. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2004.00084.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2004.00084.x
BERGER, P. L.; LUCKMANN, T. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. London: Penguin Books, 1966.
BOISSON DE CHAZOURNES, L. Functionalism! Functionalism! Do I Look Like Functionalism? The European Journal of International Law, v. 26, n. 4, p. 951-956, 2015. DOI: 10.1093/ejil/chv065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chv065
BORGOHAIN, S. The Concept of Individualism in the Liberal theories of Locke, Kant and Mill. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, v. 7, n. 2, p. 148-152, 2019.
BRADFORD, A. The Brussels Effect. Northwestern University Law Review, v. 107, n. 1, p. 1-68, 2012.
BUZAN, B.; HELD, D.; McGREW, A. Realism vs cosmopolitanism: a debate between Barry Buzan and David Held, conducted by Anthony McGrew. Review of International Studies, v. 24, n. 3, p. 387-398. DOI: 10.1017/S0260210598003878 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210598003878
CASSIRER, E. The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1955.
CASTORIADIS, C. La crise des sociétés occidentales. In: CASTORIADIS, C. Les carrefours du labyrinthe IV. Paris: Seuil, 1996.
CASTORIADIS, C. L'institution imaginaire de la société. Paris: Seuil, 1975.
CASTORIADIS, C. Les carrefours du labyrinthe I. Paris: Seuil, 1978.
CHEN, Y. C.; LIU, T. T.-T.; ROMANIUK, S. N. Serving the People: China's cybersecurity policy and its implications. In: ROMANIUK, S. N.; MANJIKIAN, M. (Eds.). Routledge Companion to Global Cyber-Security Strategy. London: Routledge, 2021. p. 284-296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429399718-24
COX, R. W. Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, v. 10, n. 2, p. 126-155, 1981. DOI: 10.1177/03058298810100020501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298810100020501
DeNARDIS, L. The global war for Internet governance. New Haven : Yale University Press, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300181357.001.0001
DUNNING, E.; HUGHES, J. Norbert Elias and Modern Sociology: Knowledge, Interdependence, Power, Process. London: Bloomsbury, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781780933405
ELIAS, N. The Society of Individuals. New York: Continuum, 2001.
ELIAS, N. The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994 [1939].
ELIAS, N. The Court Society. New York: Pantheon Books, 1983.
ELIAS, N. What is Sociology? New York: Columbia University Press, 1978.
EMMENEGGER, P. Agency in historical institutionalism: Coalitional work in the creation, maintenance, and change of institutions. Theory and Society: An Interdisciplinary Social Science Journal, v. 50, p. 607-626, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s11186-021-09433-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-021-09433-5
FINNEMORE, M. National Interests in International Society. New York: Cornell University Press, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501707384
FINNEMORE, M.; SIKKINK, K. International norm dynamics and political change. International Organization, v. 52, n. 4, p. 887–917, 1998. DOI: 10.1162/002081898550789 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/002081898550789
FISCHERKELLER, M. P.; GOLDMAN, E. O.; HARKNETT, R. J. Cyber Persistence Theory: Redefining National Security in Cyberspace. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197638255.001.0001
FLETCHER, J. Violence and civilization: an introduction to the work of Norbert Elias. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 1997.
FOUCAULT, M. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978-1979. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2008.
FRATINI, S.; HINE, E.; NOVELLI, C.; ROBERTS, H.; FLORIDI, L. Digital Sovereignty: A Descriptive Analysis and a Critical Evaluation of Existing Models. Digital Society, v. 3, p. 59, 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s44206-024-00146-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44206-024-00146-7
FRATINI, S.; MUSIANI, F. Data localization as contested and narrated security in the age of digital sovereignty: the case of Switzerland. Information, Communication & Society, v. 28, n. 8, p. 1368–1386, 2024. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2024.2362302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2024.2362302
GARCÍA IOMMI, L. Norm internalisation revisited: Norm contestation and the life of norms at the extreme of the norm cascade. Global Constitutionalism, v. 9, n. 1, p. 76-116, 2020. DOI: 10.1017/S2045381719000285 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381719000285
GOLDSMITH, J.; WU, T. Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195152661.001.0001
GOLIA, A. J. Critique of digital constitutionalism: Deconstruction and reconstruction from a societal perspective. Global Constitutionalism, v. 13, n. 3, p. 488-518, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381723000126 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381723000126
HAAS, E. B. Beyond the nation-state: functionalism and international organization. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1964.
HALL, R. B.; BIERSTEKER, T. J. The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511491238
HELD, D. Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995.
HERT, P. de; PAPAKONSTANTINOU, V. The new General Data Protection Regulation: Still a sound system for the protection of individuals? Computer Law & Security Review, v. 32, n. 2, p. 179-194, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2016.02.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2016.02.006
HOPPE, H.-H. Democracy: The God that Failed. New York: Routledge, 2001.
HUIZENGA, F. D. Regime Analysis: A Rule-Based Method for Studying Institutions. Administration & Society, v. 27, n. 3, p. 361-378. DOI: 10.1177/009539979502700303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979502700303
IGNATOV, A. Global Governance of Cyberspace: The BRICS Agenda. In: BAYKOV, A.; ZINOVIEVA, E. (Eds.). Digital International Relations. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023. p. 305-327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3467-6_20
JASANOFF, S.; KIM, S.-H. Containing the Atom: Sociotechnical Imaginaries and Nuclear Power in the United States and South Korea. Minerva, v. 47, p. 119–146, 2009. DOI: 10.1007/s11024-009-9124-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-009-9124-4
JIA, K.; CHEN, Shaowei. Global digital governance: paradigm shift and an analytical framework. Global Public Policy and Governance, v. 2, p. 283-305, 2022. DOI: 10.1007/s43508-022-00047-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43508-022-00047-w
KARPIUK, M. The Protection of State Security in Cyberspace as a Justifying Ground for Restricting Constitutional Freedoms and Rights. Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego, v. 67, n. 3, p. 401-412, 2022. DOI: 10.15804/ppk.2022.03.30 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2022.03.30
KAYA, M.; SHAHID, H. Cross-Border Data Flows and Digital Sovereignty: Legal Dilemmas in Transnational Governance. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law and Politics, v. 4, n. 2, p. 219-233, 2025. DOI: 10.61838/kman.isslp.4.2.20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.2.20
KEOHANE, R. O. International Institutions: Two Approaches. International Studies Quarterly, v. 32, n. 4, p. 379-396, 1988. DOI: 10.2307/2600589 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2600589
KLABBERS, J. Inter-disciplinarity and the Law of International Organizations. In: MANSOURI, N.; QUIROGA-VILLAMARÍN, D. R. (Eds.). Ways of Seeing International Organisations: New Perspectives for International Institutional Law. LSE International Studies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2025. p. 38-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009552646.004
KRASNER, S. D. Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400823260
KÜÇÜKSOLAK, Ö. K. Cyberspace: The Fifth Domain of Escalating Security Challenges. In: KÜÇÜKSOLAK, Ö. K.; YILDIZ, A. M. (Eds.). Current Debates in International Relations & Law. London: IJOPEC Publication Limited, 2018. p. 25-42.
LINKLATER, A. The Problem of Harm in World Politics: Theoretical Investigations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790348
LITVINENKO, A. Re‐Defining Borders Online: Russia's Strategic Narrative on Internet Sovereignty. Media and Communication, v. 9, n. 4, p. 5-15, 2021. DOI: 10.17645/mac.v9i4.4292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i4.4292
MARKUS, H. R.; KITAYAMA, S. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, v. 98, n. 2, p. 224–253.1991. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.98.2.224
MEIJEN, J. Future-proofing the people? A comparative analysis of data sovereignty as a discursive practice in Western European right-wing populism’s digital policies. Information Polity, v. 29, n. 1, p. 73-91, 2024. DOI: 10.3233/IP-220023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-220023
MERLAU-PONTY, M. Le Visible et l'invisible. Paris: Gallimard, 1964.
MIGNOT-MAHDAVI, R. Anti-Solutionism and Anti-Formalism in Global Algorithmic Governance Studies. The European Journal of International Law, v. 35, n. 1, p. 221-233, 2024. DOI: 10.1093/ejil/chae013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chae013
MITRANY, D. The functional approach to world organization. International Affairs, v. 24, n. 3, p. 350-363, 1948. DOI: 10.2307/3018652 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3018652
MITRANY, D. A Working Peace System: an argument for the functional development of international organization. New York: Oxford University Press, 1943.
MUELLER, M. Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace. MIT Press, 2002.
MUSIANI F. Governance by algorithms. Internet Policy Review, v. 2, n. 3, 2013. DOI: 10.14763/2013.3.188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14763/2013.3.188
NOZICK, R. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford: Blackwell, 1974.
OECD. OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2002. DOI: 10.1787/9789264196391-en DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264196391-en
ONUF, N. G. Alternative Visions. In: ONUF, N. G. Making Sense, Making Worlds: Constructivism in Social Theory and International Relations. London and New York: Routledge, 2013 [2012]. p. 195-212.
ONUF, N. G. 2003. Parsing Personal Identity. In: ONUF, N. G. Making Sense, Making Worlds: Constructivism in Social Theory and International Relations. London and New York: Routledge, 2013 [2003]. p. 75-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203096710
ONUF, N. G. Institutions, intentions and international relations. Review of International Studies, v. 28, n. 2, p. 211-228, 2002. DOI: 10.1017/S0260210502002115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210502002115
ONUF, N. G. World of Our Making: rules and rule in social theory and international relations. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1989.
PRESIDENT of Russia. Federal Law of 21.07.2014 No. 242-FZ, 2014. In: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/38728
REGULATION (UE) 2016/679 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL, of 27 April 2016. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679
REUS-SMIT, C. The Moral Purpose of the State: Culture, Social Identity, and Institutional Rationality in International Relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
ROTHBARD, M. For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1973.
RUGGIE, J. G. Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations. International Organization, v. 47, n. 1, pp. 139-174, 1993. DOI: 10.1017/S0020818300004732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300004732
SASSEN, S. Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
SEARLE, J. R. Expression and meaning: studies in the theory of speech acts. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609213
SEARLE, J. R. A Classification of Illocutionary Acts. Language in Society, v. 5, n. 1, p. 1-23, 1976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500006837
SEARLE, J. R. Speech acts: an essay in the philosophy of language. London: Cambridge University Press, 1969. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438
SIAPERA, E.; FARRIES, E. Platform governance and civil society organisations: Tensions between reform and revolution continuum. Internet Policy Review, v. 14, n. 1. DOI: 10.14763/2025.1.2002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14763/2025.1.2002
SLEAT, M. Liberal Realism: A Liberal Response to the Realist Critique. The Review of Politics, v. 73, n. 3, p. 469-496, 2011. DOI: 10.1017/S0034670511003457 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034670511003457
STANFORD University. Translation: Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China (Effective June 1, 2017), 2018. In: https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/translation-cybersecurity-law-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china-effective-june-1-2017/
TURNER. F. From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226817439.001.0001
US Department of State. A Declaration for the Future of the Internet. Washington, D.C.: US Department of State, 2022. In: https://www.state.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2022/04/Declaration-for-the-Future-for-the-Internet.pdf
WEBER, M. Politics as a Vocation. In: GERTH, H. H.; MILLS, C. W. (Eds.). Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946 [1919].
ZUBOFF, S. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
