Respostas fotossintéticas em mudas de eucalipto submetidas a estímulo químico e mecânico

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509830685

Palavras-chave:

Ácido jasmônico, Flexões caulinares, Qualidade de mudas, Clone 1528

Resumo

Este trabalho objetivou investigar as respostas fotossintéticas em mudas de híbrido 1528 de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis submetidas à aplicação de ácido jasmônico (JA) e flexões caulinares. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de sombra utilizando delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco repetições de 20 mudas, com os seguintes tratamentos: T1: controle, T2: 8,0 μmol de JA e T3: 40 flexões caulinares. A taxa de assimilação líquida de CO2 (A), condutância estomática (gs), concentração interna de CO 2 (Ci), taxa de transpiração da folha (E), efciência do uso de água (WUE), efciência intrínseca do uso
de água (iWUE) e efciência de carboxilação (Fc) foram mensuradas com o auxílio do IRGA. A dose de JA aplicada nas mudas foi insufciente para alterar as respostas fotossintéticas em relação ao tratamentocontrole. Estímulos mecânicos induzidos através de flexões caulinares em mudas do híbrido 1528 de eucalipto promoveram incremento da capacidade fotossintética máxima e máxima assimilação de CO2. Porém, as mudas apresentaram redução na efciência do uso da água, ou seja, menor efciência fotossintética quando comparado com as mudas submetidas aos demais tratamentos. Mudas do híbrido 1528 de eucalipto submetidas aos estímulos mecânico e ácido jasmônico apresentaram maior respiração sob níveis baixos de fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Paulo Ricardo Lima, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo, MS

Agricultural Engineer from the Integrated School of Campo Mourão - PR (2009); Postgraduate in Environmental Management by UNIGRAN (2011); Master in Agronomy in the area of Plant Production by the State University of Western Paraná - UNIOESTE (2014). PhD in Agronomy in the area of Plant Production by the State University of Western Paraná - UNIOESTE (2017). He is currently professor of the discipline of Forestry of the course of Agronomy in the University Center Assis Gurgacz (FAG); Assistant Professor in the Environmental Management course at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), working in the area of Forestry, Plant Production, Recovery of degraded areas, Soils, Economics and Environmental Management.

Ubirajara Contro Malavasi, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR

He holds a degree in Forest Engineering from the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (1973), a Master's degree in Forest Science - Oregon State University (1977), and a PhD from Forest Science - Oregon State University (1983). He is currently an associate professor at the State University of Western Paraná. He has collaborated in the review of manuscripts of the periodicals Revista Árvore, Floresta e Ambiente, Journal of Tropical Forest Science, and Forest Science. Collaborates with the publication of the journal SCIENTIA AGRARIA PARANAENSIS. He acts as a reviewer of the journal ARVORE, SCIENCE FOREST, CERNE, ACTA AMAZONICA, BRAZILIAN FOREST RESEARCH, RURAL SCIENCE, NEW FOREST. He has experience in the area of FORESTRY with emphasis on Forestry and Reforestation in areas of ciliary domain, working mainly on the following themes: forest seedlings, plant production, forest nurseries, ecophysiology of tree species, and in the field of ECOLOGY FORESTRY working on the themes of establishing forest stands, recovery of altered / devegetada areas, and invasive plant species.

Andre Gustavo Battistus, State University of Western Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu, PR

Development Coordinator - Plant Nutrition Tecnomyl SA Acted as Coordinator and Professor of the Agronomy Course of Medianeira / PR - UDC Medianeira School between 2016 and 2018. Graduated in Agronomy from the State University of the West of Paraná - UNIOESTE, obtaining the title of Agronomic Engineer between 2008 and 2012. Master's degree in Agronomy by the Postgraduate Program in Agronomy - PPGA of the State University of the West of Paraná - UNIOESTE, between the years of 2013 and 2015, focusing on Plant Physiology. PhD in Agronomy by the Postgraduate Program in Agronomy - PPGA of the State University of the West of Paraná - UNIOESTE, between the years of 2015 and 2019, focusing on Plant Physiology. Active member of the research group of Physiology of Cultivated Plants in the Western Region of Paraná. Member of the Collegiate of the Postgraduate Program in Agronomy - PPGA (Master degree level representative, management 2014). Member of the Collegiate of the Postgraduate Program in Agronomy - PPGA (PhD level representative, management 2015). Member of the Commission for the purpose of reevaluation of the PPGA Regulation (PhD Representative) From 2011 to 2012 he participated as a participant in the research group on Biological Control and Alternative in Plant Protection - COBALFI.

João Alexandre Lopes Dranski, Faculdade Educacional de Medianeira, Medianeira, PR

He holds a degree in Biological Sciences with emphasis in Biotechnology - Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR). Postgraduate Lato Sensu in Environmental Management with qualification to the Higher Magisterium - Faculdade Fr. Bagozzi. Master's and PhD in Agronomy - State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE). He is a lecturer in the undergraduate course in Agronomy at UDC Medianeira. He works in the areas of plant physiology, technology and physiology of forest seeds and cultivated species, forestry, biostatistics and experimental statistics.

Marlene de Matos Malavasi, Western State University of Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR

He holds a bachelor's degree in Agricultural Engineering from the Federal University of Lavras (1972), a master's degree in Crop Science - Oregon State University (1977) and a doctorate from Forest Science - Oregon State University (1983). He is currently an Associate Professor at the State University of Western Paraná. He has experience in the area of Agronomy, with emphasis in Plant Science, working mainly on the following subjects: seeds, nursery, germination, forest seedlings and rapid tests of vigor.

Referências

ASSIS, T.F.; MAFIA, R.G. Hibridação e clonagem. In: BORÉM, A. (Ed.). Biotecnologia Florestal. Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, p. 93-121, 2007.

ATTARAN, E.; MAJOR, I.T.; CRUZ, J.A.; ROSA, B.A.; KOO, A.J.; CHEN, J.; KRAMER, D.M.; HE, S.Y.; HOWE, G.A. Temporal dynamics of growth and photosynthesis suppression in response to jasmonate signaling. Plant Physiol, v.165, p.1302–1314, 2014.

BALLARÉ, C.L. Illuminated behaviour: phytochrome as a key regulator of light foraging and plant anti-herbivore defence. Plant Cell Environ, v.32, p.713–725, 2009.

BLECHERT, S.; BOCKELMANN, C.; FUSSLEIN, M.; VON SCHRADER, T.; STELMACH, B.; NIESEL, U.; WEILER, E.W. Structure–activity analyses reveal the existence of two separate groups of active octadecanoids in elicitation of the tendril-coiling response of Bryonia dioica Jacq. Planta, v.207, p.470–479, 1999.

BORCIONI, E.; NEGRELLE, R. R. B. Aplicação de análogo de brassinosteroide (Biobras 16®) sobre a germinação e crescimento in vitro de embriões zigóticos e aclimatização de plântulas de bocaiúva. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 42, n. 2, p. 270-275, fev. 2012.

BRACELPA – Associação Brasileira de Celulose e Papel. Desempenho do setor em 2006 e projeções para 2007. São Paulo, 2008. 8 p. Disponível em: http://www.bracelpa.org.br/bra/estatisticas/pdf/anual/desempenho_2006.pdf. Acesso em: 16 jan. 2016.

CADORIN, D. A.; MALAVASI, U. M.; COUTINHO, P. W. R.; DRANSKI, J. A. L. MALAVASI, M. M. Metil jasmonato e flexões caulinares na rustificação e crescimento inicial de mudas de Cordia trichotoma. CERNE, v. 21, n. 4, p. 657-664, 2015.

CAMPOS, M. K. F. et al. Drought tolerance and antioxidant enzymatic activity in transgenic ‘Swingle’ citrumelo plants over-accumulating proline. Environmental and Experimental Botany, Oxford, v. 72, n. 2, p. 242-250, 2011.

CARVALHO, A. M.; NAHUZ, M. A. R. Valorização da madeira do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptu surophylla através da produção conjunta de madeira serrada em pequenas dimensões, celulose e lenha. Scientia Forestalis, n. 59, p. 61-76. 2001.

CHAVARRIA, G.; SANTOS, H.P. Plant water relations: absorption, transport and control mechanisms. In: MONTANARO, G.; DICHIO, B. (Org.). Advances in selected plant physiology aspects. Rijeka: Intech, 2012. v.1, p.105-132.

CHINI, A.; FONSECA, S.; FERNÁNDEZ, G.; ADIE, B.; CHICO, J.M.; LORENZO, O.; GARCÍA-CASADO, G.; LÓPEZ-VIDRIERO, I.; LOZANO, F.M.; PONCE, M.R.; MICOL, J.L.; SOLANO, R. The JAZ family of repressors is the missing link in jasmonate signalling. Nature, v.448, p.666-671, 2007.

CHUNG, H.S.; HOWE, G.A. A critical role for the TIFY motif in repression of jasmonate signaling by a stabilized splice variant of the JASMONATE ZIM domain protein JAZ10 in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, v.21, p.131-145, 2009.

CHUNG, H.S.; KOO, A.J.K.; GAO, X.; JAYANTY, S.; THINES, B.; JONES, A.D.; HOWE, G.A. Regulation and function of Arabidopsis JASMONATE ZIM-domain genes in response to wounding and herbivory. Plant Physiology, v.146, p.952–964, 2008.

CRAMER GR. Abiotic stress and plant responses from the whole vine to the genes. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 16:86-93. 2010.

CREELMAN, R.A.; MULLET, J.E. Biosynthesis and action of jasmonates in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, v.48, p.355-381, 1997.

DEUNER, C.; BORGES, C.T.; ALMEIDA, A.S.; MENEGHELLO, G.E.; TUNES, L.V.M. Ácido jasmónico como promotor de resistência em plantas. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, v.38, n.3, p.275-281, 2015.

DRANSKI, J.A.L.; MALAVASI, U.C.; MALAVASI, M.M. Relationship between lignin content and quality of Pinus taeda seedlings. Revista Árvore (Online), v. 39, p. 905-913, 2015.

DRANSKI, J. A. L.; PINTO JÚNIOR, A. S.; CAMPAGNOLO, M. A.; MALAVASI, U. C.; MALAVASI, M. M. Desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de pinhão manso depende da intensidade de desfolha. Magistra, Cruz das Almas – BA, V. 28, N.2, p.700-709, Abr./Jun.2016

ENDRES, L.; SOUZA, J. L.; TEODORO, L.; MARROQUIM, P. M. G.; SANTOS, C. M.; BRITO, J. E. D. Gas exchange alteration caused by water deficit during the bean reproductive stage. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v.14, p.11-16, 2010.

FERRIERI, A.P.; AGTUCA, B.; APPEL, H.M.; FERRIERI, R.A.; SCHULTZ, J.C. Temporal changes in allocation and partitioning of new carbon as 11C elicited by simulated herbivory suggest that roots shape aboveground responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, v.161, p.692-704, 2013.

FRANCISCO, A. A.; TAVARES, A. R.; KANASHIRO, S.; RAMOS, P. R. R.; LIMA, G. P. P. Reguladores e teores endógenos de poliaminas durante o desenvolvimento de taro cultivado in vitro. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 38, n. 5, p. 1251-1257, ago. 2008.

FRANK, S.; ROSS, S. Plant Physiology, 4 ed. California: Wadsworth, 1991.

GLAUSER, G.; GRATA, E.; DUBUGNON, L.; RUDAZ, S.; FARMER, E.E.; WOLFENDER, J.L. Spatial and temporal dynamics of jasmonate synthesis and accumulation in Arabidopsis in response to wounding. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.283, p.16400–16407, 2008.

GONÇALVES, K. S.; SOUSA, A.P.; VELINI, E.D.S. Aplicação de reguladores vegetais e de fosfito de potássio em mudas de eucalipto submetidas à deficiência hídrica. Irriga, v.20, n.2, p.273-285, 2015.

HEIJARI, J.; NERG, A.M.; KAINULAINEN, P.; VIIRI, H.; VUORINEN, M.; HOLOPAINEN, J.K. Application of methyl jasmonate reduces growth but increases chemical defence and resistance against Hylobius abietis in Scots pine seedlings. The Netherlands Entomological Society. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, v.115, p.117–124, 2005.

HRISTOVA, V.A.; POPOVA, L.P. Treatment with methyl jasmonate alleviates the effects of paraquat on photosynthesis in barley plants. Photosynthetica, v.40, p.567–574, 2002.

JACOBS, D.F.; LANDIS, T.D. Hardening. In: DUMROESE, R.K.; LUNA, T.; LANDIS, T.D. (Eds.). Nursery manual for native plants: Guide for tribal nurseries. v.1. Washington: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2009. p. 217-228.

JAFFE, M. J. Thigmomorphogenesis: the response of plant growth and development to mechanical stimulation with special reference to Bryoniadioica. Planta, v.114, n.2, p.143-156, 1973.

KERBAUY, G.B. Fisiologia Vegetal. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2012.

KERN, A.K.; WERS, W.F.; TELEWSKI, W.F.; KOEHLER, L. Mechanical perturbation affects conductivity, mechanical properties and aboveground biomass of hybrid poplars. Tree Physiology, v. 25, n. 10, p. 1243-1251, 2005.

KOO, A.J.K.; GAO, X., JONES, A.D.; HOWE, G.A. A rapid wound signal activates systemic synthesis of bioactive jasmonates in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, v.59, p.974-986, 2009.

LIBERATO, M. A. R. et al. Leaf water potential, gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence in acariquara seedlings (Minquartia guianensis Aubl.) under water stress and recovery. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, Londrina, v. 18, p.315-323, 2006.

LOBATO, A. K. S.; OLIVEIRA NETO, C. F.; COSTA, R. C. L.; SANTOS FILHO, B. G.; CRUZ, F. J. R.; LAUGHINGHOUSE, H. D. Biochemical and physiological behavior of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. under water stress during the vegetative phase. Asian

Journal of Plant Sciences, Pakistan, v. 7, n. 1, p. 44-49, 2008.

LOPEZ, F. B.; CHAUHAN, Y.S.; JOHANSEN, C. Effects of timing of drought stress on leaf area development an canopy light interception of short-duration pigeon pea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, California, v. 178, n. 1, p. 1-7, 2008

LORENZO, O.; SOLANO, R. Molecular players regulating the jasmonate signalling network. Curr. Opin. Plant Biology, v.8, p.532–540, 2005.

MACHADO, E.C.; SCHMIDT, P.T.; MEDINA, C.L.; RIBEIRO, R.V. Respostas da fotossíntese de três espécies de citros a fatores ambientais. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v.40, p.1161 1170, 2005.

MARENCO, R. A.; LOPES, N. F. Fisiologia vegetal: fotossíntese, respiração, relações hídricas e nutrição mineral. 3ªed. Editora UFV, Viçosa. 2009. 486p.

MARSCHNER, H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3rd Edition. Academic Press. San Diego. 2011. 672p.

MARTÍN, F. J. P. Respuestas inducidas por ácido abscísico y ácido salicílico en las

simbiosis de judía y alfalfa en estrés salino. 2009. 395 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciencias

Biológicas) – Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Granada, Granada, 2009.

MCCORMICK, A. J.; CRAMER, M.; WATT, D. A. Changes in photosynthetic rates and gene expression of leaves during a source-sink perturbation in sugarcane. Annals of Botany, 101(1), 89-102. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm258

MELDAU, S.; ERB, M.; BALDWIN, I.T. Defence on demand: mechanisms behind optimal defence patterns. Annals of Botany, v.110, p1503–1514, 2012.

MIERSCH, O.; KRAMELL, R.; PARTHIER, B.; WASTERNACK, C. Structure–activity relations of substituted, deleted or stereospecifically altered jasmonic acid in gene expression of barley leaves. Phytochemistry, v.50, p.353–361, 1999.

MILBURN J. Water flow in plants. London: Longman; 1979.

MORA, A. L.; GARCIA, C. H. A cultura do eucalipto no Brasil. São Paulo, Sociedade Brasileira de Silvicultura, 2000. 112 p.

ORO, P.; VOLKWEIS, R.C.; NEIVERTH W.; DRANSKI, J.A.L.; MALAVASI, U.C.; MALAVASI, M.M. Aplicação de regulador vegetal na aclimatação de mudas de Cariniana estrellensi. Cultivando o Saber, v. 5, n.4, p. 103-112, 2011.

PEREIRA, M.R.R.; KLAR, A.E.; SILVA, M.R.; SOUZA, R.A.; FONSECA, N.R. Comportamento fisiológico e morfológico de clones de Eucalyptus urograndis submetidos a diferentes níveis de água no solo. Irriga, v.11, n.4, p.518-531, 2006.

POLIZEL, A. M.; MEDRI, M. E.; NAKASHIMA, K.; YAMANAKA, N.; FARIAS, J. R.; OLIVEIRA, M. C.; MARIN, S. R.; ABDELNOOR, R. V.; MARCELINO-GUIMARÃES, F. C.; FUGANTI, R.; RODRIGUES, F. A.; STOLF-MOREIRA, R.; BENEVENTI, M. A.; ROLLA, A. A.; NEUMAIER, N.; YAMAGUCHI-SHINOZAKI, K.; CARVALHO, J. F.; NEPOMUCENO, A. L. Molecular, anatomical and physiological properties of a genetically modified soybean line transformed with rd29A:AtDREB1A for the improvement of drought tolerance. Genetics and molecular research: GMR, v. 10, n. 4, p. 3641–56, jan. 2011.

PORTAL FLORESTAL. Clone – AEC 1528 – Super Clone. <http://www.portalflorestal.com.br/portfolio/mudas-de-eucalipto-clonado-a-venda-clone-aec-1528-super-clone/>. Acesso em: 08/11/2016.

PRADO, C.H.B.A.; MORAES, J.A.P.V. Photosynthetic capacity and specific leaf mass in twenty woody species of Cerrado vegetation under field conditions. Photosynthetica, v.33, p.103-112, 1997.

RIBOT, C.; ZIMMERLI, C.; FARMER, E.E.; REYMOND, P.; POIRIER, Y. Induction of the Arabidopsis PHO1; H10 gene by 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid but not jasmonic acid via a CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1-dependent pathway. Plant Physiology, v.147, p.696-706, 2008.

SANCHEZ, F. Jasmonatos: compuestos de alto valor para la agricultura: actividad biológica y ruta biosintética del ácido jasmónico en plantas. Revista ICIDCA, La Habana, v. 42, n. 1-3, p. 51-59, 2008.

SCHWACHTJE, J.; MINCHIN, P.E.H.; JAHNKE, S.; VAN DONGEN, J.T.; SCHITTKO, U.; BALDWIN, I.T. SNF1-related kinases allow plants to tolerate herbivory by allocating carbon to roots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.103, p.12935-12940, 2006.

SINCLAIR, T. R.; HORIE, T. Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, and crop radiation use efficiency: a review. Crop Science, v.29, p.90-98, 1989.

SILVA, M. A.; JIFON J. L, DA SILVA JAG, SHARMA V. Use of physiological parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, Piracicaba, v. 19, n. 3, p. 193-201, 2007.

SKIRYCZ A, INZE D. More from less: plant growth under limited water. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 21:197-203. 2010.

SOARES, A.M.S.; MACHADO, O.L.T. Defesa de plantas: sinalização química e espécies reativas de oxigênio. Revista Trópica – Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, v.1, n.1, p.9-19, 2007.

STINTZI, A.; WEBER, H.; REYMOND, P.; BROWSE, J.; FARMER, E.E. Plant defense in the absence of jasmonic acid: the role of cyclopentenones. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.98, p.12837–12842, 2001.

SUHITA, D.; KOLLA, V.A.; VAVASSEUR, A.; RAGHAVENDRA, A.S. Different signaling pathways involved during the suppression of stomatal opening by methyl jasmonate or abscisic acid. Plant Science, v.164, p.481–488, 2003.

TAIZ, L.; ZEIGER, E. Fisiologia vegetal. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2013. 954 p.

TAIZ, L.; ZEIGER, E.; MOLLER, I.M.; MURPHY, A. Fisiologia e Desenvolvimento Vegetal. Artmed, 6ª ed. Porto Alegre-RS, 888 p. 2017.

THINES, B.; KATSIR, L.; MELOTTO, M.; NIU, Y.; MANDAOKAR, A.; LIU, G.; NOMURA, K.; HE, S.Y.; HOWE, G.A.; BROWSE, J. JAZ repressor proteins are targets of the SCF(COI1) complex during jasmonate signalling. Nature, v.448, p.661–665, 2007.

ULLMANN-ZEUNERT, L.; STANTON, M.A.; WIELSCH, N.; BARTRAM, S.; HUMMERT, C.; SVATOŠ, A.; BALDWIN, I.T.; GROTEN, K. Quantification of growthdefense trade-offs in a common currency: nitrogen required for phenolamide biosynthesis is not derived from ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase turnover. Plant Journaul, v.75, p.417–429, 2013.

VOLKWEIS, R.C.; DRANSKI, J.A.L.; ORO, P.; MALAVASI, U.C.; MALAVASI, M.M. Efeito da tigmomorfogênese na morfometria de mudas de Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad.) Planch. Ciência Florestal, v. 24, n.2, p. 339- 342, 2014.

WANG, L.; ALLMANN, S.; WU, J.; BALDWIN, I.T. Comparisons of LOX3- and JAR4/6-silenced plants reveal that JA and JA-AA conjugates play diferente roles in herbivore resistance of Nicotiana attenuata. Plant Physiology, v.146, p.904–915, 2008.

WASTERNACK, C. Jasmonates: an update on biosynthesis, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. Annals of Botany, v.100, p.681–697, 2007.

YAN, Y.; STOLZ, S.; CHETELAT, A.; REYMOND, P.; PAGNI, M.; DUBUGNON, L.; FARMER, E.E. A downstream mediator in the growth repression limb of the jasmonate pathway. Plant Cell, v.19, p.2470–2483, 2007.

YASUDA, M. et al. Antagonistic interaction between systemic acquired resistance and the abscisic acid–mediated abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, v. 20, p. 1678-1692, 2008.

ZHANG, S.; LI, Q.; MA, K.; CHEN, L. Temperature dependent gas exchange and stomatal/non-stomatal limitation to CO2 assimilation of Quercus liaotungensis under midday higher irradiance. Photosynthetica, Prague, v.39, p. 383-388, 2001.

Downloads

Publicado

30-06-2019

Como Citar

Lima, P. R., Malavasi, U. C., Battistus, A. G., Dranski, J. A. L., & Malavasi, M. de M. (2019). Respostas fotossintéticas em mudas de eucalipto submetidas a estímulo químico e mecânico. Ciência Florestal, 29(2), 740–753. https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509830685

Edição

v. 29 n. 2 (2019)

Seção

Artigos

Licença

A CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da lingua, respeitando, porém, o estilo dos autores.
As provas finais poderão ou não ser enviadas ao autor.
Os trabalhos publicados passam a ser propriedade da revista CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL, sendo permitida a reprodução parcial ou total dos trabalhos, desde que a fonte seja citada. Os originais não serão devolvidos aos autores.
As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos trabalhos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.

Artigos mais lidos pelo mesmo(s) autor(es)

1 2 > >>