Evaluation of chestnut shell and coffee waste with phenol-formaldehyde resin for plywood filler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509841307Keywords:
Chestnut fruit shell, Coffee waste, Plywood, Filler, Phenol-formaldehyde resinAbstract
Chestnut fruit shell and ground coffee waste were evaluated as filler raw materials for plywood adhesive. A phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was formulated in the laboratory for plywood manufacture. Specification characteristics were determined on the PF resin, including nonvolatile solids, gel time, viscosity, etc. The laboratory synthesized PF resin was mixed with extender, filler and NaOH. Plywoods were uniformly made with the PF resin mixture and tested for tension shear strength after aging method, modulus of rupture (MOR) and thickness swell according to the procedures of the Korean Standard KS F 3101 and KS F 3114. All plywood made with each filler type showed good physical and mechanical strength properties. The performance test results indicated that the chestnut fruit shell and ground coffee waste would be suitable as filler for plywood adhesive.
Downloads
References
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO). Statistic of Agriculture and Forest Products. FAO, Rome, Italy. 2019.
KOREAN STANDARD ASSOCIATION (KSA). Ordinary plywood. KS F 3101. KSA. Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2016.
KOREAN STANDARD ASSOCIATION (KSA). Plywood for flooring. KS F 3114. KSA. Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2016.
OH, Y-S.; LEE, J-K. Evaluation of Korean softwood plywood bonded with urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive. Forest Products Journal, v. 54, n. 2, p. 77-80. 2004.
OH, Y-S.; SELLERS, T. JR. Korean filler raw materials for plywood adhesives. Forest Products Journal, [s.l.], v. 49, n. 3, p. 61-64. 1999
OH, Y-S.; SELLERS, T. JR.; KIM, M.G.; STRICKLAND, R.C. Fillers for plywood adhesives made from acid hydrolysis residues of municipal newsprint waste. Forest Products Journal, [s.l.], v.47, n. 10, p.107-110. 1997.
ROBERTSON, J.E.; ROBERTSON, R.R. Review of filler and extender quality evaluation. Forest Products Journal, [s.l.], v. 27, n. 4, p. 30-38. 1977.
SAS Institute. SAS system for Microsoft Windows, Release 6.10. SAS institute, Cary, NC. 1998.
SELLERS, T. Jr. Information processing systems for general access of unpublished wood products research data. Forest Products Journal, [s.l.], v. 44, n. 6, p. 33-38. 1994.
SELLERS, T. JR. Plywood and Adhesives Technology. Marcel Dekker, N.Y. 1985. 661 p.
SELLERS, T. JR.; MILLER, G.D.; SMITH, W. Tool wear properties of five extender/ fillers in adhesive mixes for plywood. Forest Products Journal, [s.l.], v. 55, n. 3, p. 27-31. 2005.
SELLERS, T. JR.; MILLER, G.D.; NIEH, W. L. Evaluation of three fillers in PF adhesives used to bond intermediate moisture content plywood: glueline durability and knife wear. Forest Products Journal, [s.l.], v. 40, n. 10, p. 23-28. 1990.
STEEL, R.G.D.; TORRIE, J.H. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometric Approach. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book. Co., New York.1980. 633 p.
WALKER, J.F. Formaldehyde. Reinhold, New York. 1964. 96 p.
Published
Versions
- 2022-01-18 (3)
- 2022-01-18 (2)
- 2021-11-17 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Ciência Florestal
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
A revista CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL reserva-se o direito de realizar, nos originais, alterações de ordens normativas, ortográficas e gramaticais, com vistas a manter o padrão escolar da língua, mas respeitando o estilo dos autores. As provas finais podem ou não ser enviadas aos autores.