Ant fauna in permanent preservation areas and in forest plantations in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul state
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509836279Keywords:
Ecological bioindicators, Biodiversity conservation, Forest entomology, PheidoleAbstract
The ants comprise a very diverse taxon of insects, present high richness and are ecologically important in the different terrestrial ecosystems. The richness and diversity of ants tend to increase according to the complexity of the environments in terms of vegetation and the stage of biodiversity conservation. This study aimed at inventorying and characterizing ant assemblages that occur in two permanent preservation areas, characterized as fragments of native vegetation surrounded by crops, and two eucalyptus plantations, surrounded by crops and pastures. The study was carried out in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen (27 ° 21 '27 ", 53 ° 23' 40" W), located in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul state. Ten pitfall traps and 20 baits, 10 sardines and 10 glucose ones were used in each area. The richness was defined as the number of species that occurred in each sample and was compared by means of rarefaction analysis based on the number of occurrences. The relationship between the ant species and the different environments was verified through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The richness of ants was 71 species, belonging to 19 genera and five subfamilies. Seven species occurred in four sampled environments. The subfamily Myrmicinae and the genera Pheidole and Camponotus were the richest ones in the study. A significant difference was observed regarding the richness, abundance and composition of ant assemblages among the sampled environments. A total of 76.4% of the variation in the occurrence of ants, according to the environments sampled, was explained by the first two components of the PCA. The results point out differences between ant assemblages from forest fragments and those from eucalyptus plantations. They add information about the biodiversity of the study region.Downloads
References
ALVARES, C. A. et al. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart, v. 22, n. 6, p. 711-728, jan. 2014.
BACCARO, F. B. et al. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Manaus: INPA, 2015. 388 p.
BESTELMEYER, B. T. et al. Field techniques for the study of ground-dwelling ants. In: AGOSTI, D. et al. (ed.). Ants: standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2000. p. 122-144.
BHARTI, H.; BHARTI, M.; PFEIFFER, M. Ants as bioindicators of ecosystem health in Shivalik Mountains of Himalayas: assessment of species diversity and invasive species. Asian Myrmecology, Ulaanbaatar, v. 8, p. 1-15, dez. 2016.
CANTARELLI, E. B. et al. Diversidade de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) da serrapilheira em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 25, n. 3, p. 607-616, set. 2015.
CLARKE, K. R.; GORLEY, R. N. Primer: Getting started with v6. Plymouth routines in multivariate ecological research. [S. l.]: PRIMER-E, 2005.
COSTA-MILANEZ, C. B. et al. Are ant assemblages of Brazilian veredas characterised by location or habitat type? Brazilian Journal of Biology, São Carlos, v. 74, n. 1, p. 89-99, 2014.
CREPALDI, R. A. et al. Formigas como bioindicadores da qualidade do solo em sistema integrado lavoura-pecuária. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 44, n. 5, p. 781-787, maio 2014.
EDWARDS, D. P. et al. Land-sharing versus land-sparing logging: reconciling timber extraction with biodiversity conservation. Global Change Biology, Londres, v. 20, p. 183-191, nov. 2014.
FERNANDEZ, F. Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical. Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander Von Humboldt, 2003. 418 p.
GOTELLI, N. J.; ENTSMINGER, G. L. EcoSim: null models software for ecology. Versão 7.0. [S. l.]: Acquired Intelligence Inc. & Kesey-Bear, 2001.
HAMMER, O.; HARPER, D. A. T.; RYAN, P. D. Past: palaeonthological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Version. 1.37. [S. l.: s. n.], 2001.
HOLDEFER, D. R.; LUTINSKI, J. A.; GARCIA, F. R. M. Does organic management of agroecosystems contribute to the maintenance of the richness of ants? Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 38, n. 6, p. 3455-3468, nov./dez. 2017.
HÖLLDOBLER, B.; WILSON, E. O. The ants. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990. 732 p.
IBGE. Cidades. Rio de Janeiro, 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.ibge.gov.br>. Acesso em: 01 maio 2017.
ILHA, C. et al. Riqueza de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) da Bacia da Sanga Caramuru, município de Chapecó-SC. Biotemas, Florianópolis, v. 22, n. 4, p. 95-105, dez. 2009.
LUTINSKI, J. A. et al. Ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated to environments of a rural property in the extreme Western Region of the State of Santa Catarina. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais - RBCIAMB, Rio de Janeiro, n. 47, p. 12-23, mar. 2018.
LUTINSKI, J. A. et al. Ant assemblage (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three wind farms in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, São Carlos, v. 77, n. 1, p. 176-184, jan./mar. 2017a.
LUTINSKI, J. A. et al. Efeitos microclimáticos e temporais sobre a assembleia de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de áreas urbanas do Oeste de Santa Catarina: efeitos microclimáticos sobre comunidades de formigas. In: LUTINSKI, J. A. (org.). Formigas em ambientes urbanos de Santa Catarina. Curitiba: CRV, 2017b.
LUTINSKI, J. A. et al. Richness and structure of ant assemblies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Atlantic forest in southern Brazil. Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, Rio de Janeiro, v. 89, n. 4, p. 2719-2729, out./dez. 2017c.
LUTINSKI, J. A.; LOPES, B.; MORAIS, A. B. B. Diversidade de formigas urbanas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de dez cidades do sul do Brasil. Biota Neotropica, Campinas, v. 13, n. 3, p. 332-342, set. 2013.
MADEIRA, B. G. et al. Changes in tree and Liana communities along a successional gradient in a tropical dry forest in south-eastern Brazil. Plant Ecology, Netherland, v. 201, p. 291-304, jan. 2009.
NAYANA, P. et al. Comparison of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity in different habitats of Machad Region of Thrissur. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, Agra, v. 5, n. 2, p. 28-33, jan. 2016.
PINTO-COELHO, R. M. Fundamentos em ecologia. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. 252 p.
ROCHA, W. O. et al. Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) bioindicadoras de degradação ambiental em Poxoréu, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Floresta e Ambiente, Seropédica, v. 22, n. 1, p. 88-98, mar. 2015.
ROMERO, H.; JAFFE, K. A comparison of methods for sampling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Savanna. Biotropica, Hoboken, v. 21, p. 348-352, 1989.
SILVESTRE, R.; BRANDÃO, C. R. F.; SILVA, R. R. da. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del Cerrado. In: FERNANDEZ, F. (ed.). Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical. Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 2003, p. 113-148, 2003.
TUNDISI, J. G.; TUNDISI, T. M. Impactos potenciais das alterações do Código Florestal nos recursos hídricos. Biota Neotropica, Campinas, v. 10, n. 4, p. 67-76, dez. 2010.
ULYSSÉA, M. A. et al. Updated list of ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) recorded in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, with a discussion of research advances and priorities. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, Curitiba, v. 55, n. 4, p. 603-611, dez. 2011.
WIELGOSS, A. et al. Interaction complexity matters: disentangling services and disservices of ant communities driving yield in tropical agroecosystems. Proceeding of Royal Society B, United Kingdom, v. 281, n. 1775, p. 1-10, jan. 2014.
