ESTIMATES OF THE LEAF AREA INDEX (LAI) USING LAI-2000 AND HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOS IN <i>Eucalyptus</i> PLANTATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509816604Keywords:
forest canopy, indirect methods, clones, altitude.Abstract
http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509816604
The objective of this study was to estimate the Leaf Area Index (LAI) by indirect methods in plantations of Eucalyptus clones in two distinct physical-climatic sites, during the dry and rainy periods. The study was performed in four young and adult Eucalyptus stands, located in Rio Doce basin, eastern Minas Gerais state (Brazil) situated in areas of lower and higher altitudes. Nine plots were allocated in each stand. Experimental data were collected in months representing the driest and the wettest periods. LAI indirect measurements were performed using the LAI-2000 equipment and cameras with hemispherical lens. To verify the accuracy of estimation, a destructive analysis was also performed. The LAI measurements by the LAI-2000 was the one which best correlated with the observed LAI (R =0.90), although the hemispherical photos had presented good potential use. It is verified that the LAI of stands in the higher altitudes region, surpassed those of lower altitudes, which was also observed by the indirect methods. The destructive analysis indicates lower values of LAI measured in the dry season although this variation is only significant for higher altitudes. This behavior is also observed for estimates with the LAI-2000, different from the hemispherical photographs which did not identify seasonality of LAI.
Downloads
References
ABRAF – Associação Brasileira Florestal. Anuário Estatístico da ABRAF 2008 - Ano Base 2007. http://www.abraflor.org.br/. Accessed 15 october 2011.
ABRAF – Associação Brasileira Florestal (2011). Anuário Estatístico da ABRAF 2008 - Ano Base 2011. http://www.abraflor.org.br/. Accessed 15 october 2011.
ALMEIDA, A.C; SOARES, J.V. Comparison of water use in Eucalyptus grandis plantations and Atlantic Rainforest in eastern coast of Brazil. Revista Árvore 27: 159-170, 2003.
BARCLAY, H.J.; TROFYMOW, J.A.; LEACH, R.I. Assessing bias from boles in calculating leaf area index in immature Douglas-fir with the LI-COR canopy analyzer. Agric. Forest Meteorol 100: 255-260, 2000.
BATTAGLIA, M. et al. Prediction of leaf area index in Eucalypt plantations: effects of water stress and temperature. Tree Physiol 18: 521–528, 1998.
BRÉDA, N.J.J. Ground-based measurements of leaf area index: a review of methods, instruments and current controversies. Journal of Experimental Botany 54: 2403-2417, 2003.
CARNEIRO, R.L.C. et al.Water consumption in eucalypt plantation: part 1 determination of stomatal conductance in irrigated and non-irrigated treatments. Rev. Árvore 32: 1-10, 2008.
CHASON, J.; BALDOCCHI, D.; HUTSON, M. . A comparison of direct and indirect methods for estimating forest leaf area. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 57: 107-128, 1991.
SILVA, W.C. M. Modelagem dos balanços de radiação e de água e simulação do crescimento do eucalipto na Bacia do Rio Doce-MG. – Viçosa. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2007. 122f. Tese (Doutorado em Meteorologia Agrícola) – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa.
SILVA, G. G. C. Nutrição, crescimento e sua modelagem em povoamentos de eucalipto em resposta à disponibilidade de água e nutrientes. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2006. 102f. Tese (Doutorado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa.
CUNHA, A.C. et al. Relation of climate variables with eucalypt minicutting production and rooting. Rev. Árvore 33:195-203, 2009.
DAVI, H.; BARET, R.; DUFRÊNE, E. Effect of thinning on LAI variance in heterogeneous forests. For Ecol Manag 256: 890–899, 2008.
DOVEY, S.B.; DU TOIT, B. Calibration of LAI-2000 canopy analyser with leaf area index in a young eucalypt stand. Trees 20: 273–277, 2006.
FAVARIN, J.L. et al. Equations for estimating the coffee leaf area index. Pesq. agropec. bras. 37: 769-73, 2002.
JONES, H.G. Plant and microclimate. 2. ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1992.
MACFARLANE, C. et al. Estimation of leaf area index in eucalypt forest using digital photography. For Ecol Manag Ent 143:176–188, 2007a.
MACFARLANE, C.; GRIGG, A.; EVANGELISTA, C. Estimating forest leaf area using cover and fullframe fisheye photography: Thinking inside the circle. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 146:1–12, 2007b.
MACFARLANE, C. et al. Estimation of leaf area index in eucalypt forest with vertical foliage, using cover and fullframe fisheye photography. Forest Ecology and Management 242:756–763, 2007c.
MARTINS, F.B.; SILVA, J.C.; STRECK, N.A. Estimating base temperature for leaf appearence rate and the phyllochron in two eucaliptus species during seedling phase. Rev. Árvore 31:373-381, 2007.
MONTE, M.A. et al. Indirect methods to estimate canopy coverage of clonal eucalypt plantations. Pesq. agropec. bras. 42:769-775, 2007.
NOBIS, M.; HUNZIKER, U. Automatic thresholding for hemisferical canopy-photographs base don edge direction. Elservier Science Publishers. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 128:243-250, 2005.
PENMAN, H.L. Evaporation, transpiration and evapotranspiration. In: Vegetation and Hydrology. Farnham Royal, Comm. Agric. Bureaux. 1963.
RODRÍGUEZ, R. et al. Process-based model to evaluate site quality for Eucalyptus nitens in the Bio-Bio Region of Chile. Forestry 82, n.2, p.149-162, 2009.
SCHLEPPI, P. et al. Correcting non-linearity and slope effects in the estimation of the leaf area index of forests from hemispherical photographs. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 144, 236–242, 2007.
SOARES, J.V. et al. Balanço hídrico de plantações de eucalipto a partir da estimativa de transpiração pelo método de Penman-Monteith (Hydrological balance of eucalypt plantations through transpiration by the method of Penman-Monteith). In. Internation Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Conference on Silviculture and Improvement of Eucalypts, 1997, Salvador, Ba. Anais. Colombo : Centro Nacional de Pesquisas de Florestas - CNPF/EMBRAPA 4: 52-61, 1997.
SOUZA, M.J.H. et al. Soil water availability and eucalyptus productivity in three regions of the Rio Doce Basin. Rev. Árvore 30: 399-410, 2006.
STAPE, J.L.; RYAN, M.G.; BINKLEY, D. Testing the utility of the 3-PG model for growth of Eucalyptus grandis-urophylla with natural and manipulated supplies of water and nutrients. For Ecol Manag 193: 219–234, 2004.
THORNTHWAITE, C.W.; MATTER, J.R. The water balance. Publications in Climatology, 8, Centerton, New Jersey. 1955.
URBAN, J. et al. Crown structure and leaf area of the understorey species Prunus serotina. Trees 23:391–399, 2009.
VARGAS, L.A. et al. Estimation of leaf area index, light interception and biomass accumulation of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Goliath’ from radiation measurements. Biomass and Bioenergy 22:1–14, 2002.
WATSON, D.J. Comparative physiological studies on growth of field crops: I. Variation in net assimilation rate and leaf area between species and varieties, and within and between years. Annals of Botany 11: 41-76, 1947.
XAVIER, A.C.; SOARES, J.V.; ALMEIDA, A.C. Leaf Area Index changes with age among Eucalypt clonal plantations. Revista Árvore 26: 421-427, 2002.
