Macroinvertebrados Aquáticos de Rios e Riachos da Encosta do Planalto, na Região Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X12949Keywords:
Insetos aquáticos, diversidade, comunidades, Região Neotropical.Abstract
A Encosta do Planalto, na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, é uma área de transição de relevo ainda bem preservada, pois sua declividade dificulta conversões no uso da terra. Contudo, a integridade ambiental de seus rios tem sido ameaçada por diversas atividades humanas, como barramentos. Com o intuito de contribuir para futuros programas de conservação do estado, este estudo apresenta uma revisão sobre os macroinvertebrados aquáticos que ocorrem nos rios e riachos na Encosta do Planalto. O levantamento foi realizado com base em dados de artigos, livros e também de dissertações e teses cujos espécimes encontram-se depositados na Coleção de Macroinverterbados Aquáticos, da UFSM. Ao todo, 355 táxons foram encontrados. A ocorrência de comunidades diversificadas e abundantes de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera indica que as águas na região estudada são bem oxigenadas e relativamente limpas. Outros grupos atestam a presença de substratos pedregosos e correnteza acentuada. Mollusca, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Trichoptera e os dípteros Chironomidae estão representados por comunidades extremamente ricas, se comparadas às de rios de outras regiões do Brasil. A alta diversidade deve-se, provavelmente à heterogeneidade ambiental dos rios e à origem evolutiva da maioria destes grupos em regiões de clima temperado, como o RS. Estes resultados mostram que os rios da Encosta do Planalto merecem atenção especial dos programas de conservação ambiental.
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