Threatened and understudied: the lack of genetic data of endangered Brazilian plant species

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X40965

Keywords:

Extinction, Genetic Diversity, Plant Red List

Abstract

A literature review of genetic studies on 3134 endangered or data deficient Brazilian plant species was performed using the Periodical Capes database, using, for each species, a combination of the binomial (without authorship) and the radical genet*. The search was only for articles, without publication year limitation. The search included relevant synonyms, based on information obtained from the National Flora Conservation Center (CNC Flora) website. Phylogenetic studies focusing on taxonomy or studies focusing on gene expression were excluded. A total of 14 463 articles were retrieved with this search strategy, but only 312 fit within the scope of the search. Results show that genetic studies for plants of all threat categories are lacking, with a very low average (0,09%) of genetic studies retrieved per species. The four threatened species with a higher number of studies are species of commercial interest. For 1931 species no article was retrieved. Given the high levels of biodiversity loss in Brazil, it is urgent to invest in the knowledge of the biology of threatened plant species, especially those which are the most neglected in genetic studies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Liliana Essi, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS

Docente da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria na área de Botânica, tem experiência nas áreas de Taxonomia e Filogenia Molecular, atuando principalmente em estudos taxonômicos, sistemáticos e evolutivos com gramíneas hibernais. Possui especial interesse em investigações envolvendo plantas ameaçadas de extinção e marcadores moleculares. Colabora em estudos envolvendo plantas invasoras, medicinais e estudos florísticos locais. Atualmente, é curadora do herbário SMDB do Jardim Botânico da UFSM. É docente permanente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agrobiologia da UFSM (mestrado).  

Maria de Fátima Ribeiro Chicatte Lima, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS

Maria de Fatima Ribeiro Chicatte Lima, natural de Palmeira das Missões, RS. Formou-se no curso de Magistério pelo Instituto Estadual de Educação Borges do Canto em palmeira das Missões. Formou-se em Licenciatura Plena em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-campus-Palmeira das Missões, participou como estagiária do laboratório GenEvo (laboratório genética e evolução), trabalhou com biologia molecular de platelmintos-UFSM-PM. Atualmente participa como voluntária do laboratório de Genética Vegetal do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.

Leandro Gonçalves Leite, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS

Atualmente é mestrando em Agrobiologia pela UFSM. Graduado em Ciências Biológicas pela URCAMP. Foi bolsista de Iniciação Científica CNPq - Embrapa Pecuária Sul na área de Genética, com ênfase em Melhoramento Genético Vegetal e bolsista de extensão pela URCAMP na área de Educação Ambiental. Possui curso Técnico em Informática pelo IFSul.  

Mariana Marques Wolf, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS

Possui curso superior em Tecnólogo em Gestão Ambiental pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, e atualmente é mestranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agrobiologia pela mesma universidade.  

References

ALMEIDA P, LÓPEZ-ROBERTS M, VIGNA B, SOUZA A, GÓES-NETO A, VAN DEN BERG C. Microsatellite markers for the endangered orchids Cattleya labiata Lindl. and C. warneri T. Moore (Orchidaceae). Conservation Genetics Resources. 2013; 5(3): 791-794.

AL-SAMARAI FR, AL-KAZAZ AA. Molecular Markers: an Introduction and Applications. European Journal of Molecular Biotechnology. 2015; 9(3): 118-130.

ARIF IA, KHAN HA, BAHKALI AH, AL HOMAIDAN AA, AL FARHAN AH, AL SADOON M, SHOBRAK M. DNA marker technology for wildlife conservation. Saudi J. Biol.. 2011;18(3): 219-225.

BACKES A, MÄDER G, TURCHETTO C, SEGATTO AL, FREGONEZI JN, BONATTO SL, FREITAS LB. How diverse can rare species be on the margins of genera distribution? AoB PLANTS. 2019; 11(4): plz037. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plz037

BARROSO CM, KLEIN GN, DE BARROS IB, FRANKE LB, DELWING AB. Considerações sobre a propagação e o uso ornamental de plantas raras ou ameaçadas de extinção no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ornamental Horticulture, 2007; 13 (2).

BFG (The Brazil Flora Group). Brazilian Flora 2020: Innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia. 2018; 69(4): 1513-1527. DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201869402

BOND DPG; GRASBY SE. On the causes of mass extinctions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2017; 478: 3-29.

BRUMMITT NA, BACHMAN SP, GRIFFITHS-LEE J, LUTZ M, MOAT JM et al. Green Plants in the Red: a baseline global assessment for the IUCN sampled red list index for plants. PLOS One. 2015; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135152.

CEBALLOS, G, EHRLICH PR, BARNOSKY AD, GARCIA A, PRINGLE RM, PALMER TM. Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction. Science advances, 2015; 1(5): p. e1400253.

FRANCESCHINELLI EV, STEHMANN JR, MELO-SILVA C, MESQUITA NETO, JN. Preliminary study on genetic diversity of endemic and threatened species of Petunia (Solanaceae). Darwiniana. 2013; 1(2): 220-226.

FRANKHAM, R. Genetics and extinction. Biological Conservation. 2005; 126 (2): 131-140.

FRANKHAM, R. Relationship of Genetic Variation to Population Size in Wildlife. Conservation Biology. 1996; 10: 1500–1508.

GOETZE M, CAPRA F, BÜTTOW M, ZANELLA C, BERED F. High genetic diversity and demographic stability in Aechmea kertesziae (Bromeliaceae), a species of sandy coastal plains (restinga habitat) in southern Brazil. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2018; 186(3): 374-388.

GROVER A, SHARMA PC. Development and use of molecular markers: past and present. Critical reviews in biotechnology. 2016;36(2): 290-302.

IUCN, 2019a. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 30 September 2019.

IUCN, 2019b. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. <http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf>. Downloaded 30 September 2019.

JOHN AL W, MÄDER G, FREGONEZI JN, FREITAS LB. Genetic diversity and population structure of naturally rare Calibrachoa species with small distribution in southern Brazil. Genetics and Molecular Biology. 2019; 42(1): 108-119.

LORENZ‐LEMKE AP, MÄDER G, MUSCHNER VC, STEHMANN JR, BONATTO SL, SALZANO FM, FREITAS LB. Diversity and natural hybridization in a highly endemic species of Petunia (Solanaceae): a molecular and ecological analysis. Molecular Ecology. 2006; 15(14): 4487-4497.

NADEEM MA, NAWAZ MA, SHAHID MQ, DOĞAN Y, COMERTPAY G, YILDIZ M, HATIPOĞLU R, ALSALEH FA, LABHANE N, ÖZKAN H, CHUNG G, BALOCH FS. DNA molecular markers in plant breeding: current status and recent advancements in genomic selection and genome editing. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2018; 32(2): 261-285.

NEWMAN D, PILSON D. Increased Probability of Extinction Due to Decreased Genetic Effective Population Size: Experimental Populations of Clarkia pulchella. Evolution. 1997; 51(2): 354-362.

PURVIS A, JONES, KE, MACE GM. Extinction. BioEssays. 2000; 22(12): 1123-1133.

RUGGIERO MA, GORDON DP, ORRELL TM, BAILLY N, BOURGOIN T, BRUSCA RC, CAVALIER-SMITH T, GUIRY MD, KIRK PM. A higher level classification of all living organisms. PLOS One. 2015;1-60. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248.

SCATIGNA AV, OLIVEIRA FA, MANTELLO CC, FRANCISCO PM, SOUZA AP, SIMÕES AO. Microsatellite markers for studies with the carnivorous plant Philcoxia minensis (Plantaginaceae. Applications in Plant Sciences. 2015; 3(8). DOI: 10.3732/apps.1500035.

SODHI NS, BROOK BW, BRADSHAW, CJA. Causes and consequences of species extinctions. The Princeton guide to ecology, 2009; 1: 514-520.

SPIELMAN D, BROOK BW, FRANKHAM R. Most species are not driven to extinction before genetic factors impact them. PNAS. 2004; 101 (42): 15261-15264. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403809101.

TORRES-FLOREZ JP, JOHNSON W.E., NERY MF, EIZIRIK E, OLIVEIRA-MIRANDA, MA, GALETTI JR PM. The coming of age of conservation genetics in Latin America: what has been achieved and what needs to be done. Genetics Genetics. 2017; DOI 10.1007/s10592-017-1006-y.

WILLOUGHBY JR, SUNDARAM M, WIJAYAWARDENA BK, KIMBLE SJA, JI Y, FERNANDEZ NB, ANTONIDES JD, LAMB MC, MARRA MJ, DEWOODY JA. The reduction of genetic diversity in threatened vertebrates and new recommendations regarding IUCN conservation rankings. Biological Conservation. 2015; 191: 495-503.

ZANELLA CM, JANKE A, PAGGI GM, GOETZE M,REIS MS, BERED F. Microsatellites in the Endangered Species Dyckia distachya (Bromeliaceae) and Cross-Amplification in Other Bromeliads. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(12): 15859-15866.

Downloads

Published

2020-09-03

How to Cite

Essi, L., Lima, M. de F. R. C., Leite, L. G., & Wolf, M. M. (2020). Threatened and understudied: the lack of genetic data of endangered Brazilian plant species. Ciência E Natura, 42, e28. https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X40965

Issue

Vol. 42 (2020): 40 years special anniversary edition

Section

40 YEARS - Anniversary Special Edition

License

To access the DECLARATION AND TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT LICENSE click here.

 

Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication

The Ciência e Natura journal is committed to ensuring ethics in publication and quality of articles. 

Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: Authors, Editors, Reviewers, and the Publisher.

In particular, 

Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review Articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The Authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. The corresponding Author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all Co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.

Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An Editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the Author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.

Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that Authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected Reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the Editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Most read articles by the same author(s)