Bacteria and Fungal Spores as Ice Nuclei from Coffea Arabica l.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X9363Abstract
Microorganismos têm sido encontrados na atmosfera pela primeira vez no final do século XIX century. Alguns destes são bactérias e espécies de fungos com habilidade de atuar como nucleantes de gelo e afetar plantações sensíveis à geada como o café. Consequentemente, geada é um dos maiores problemas para este tipo de plantação no Sul-Sudeste do Brasil. Neste estudo, foram encontados três categorias de organismos com atividade de nucleação de gelo (INA) em folhas de café, tendo por base o ponto de congelamento da solução salina, cerca de -17oC. A primeira categoria, com forte atividade INA, foi encontrada a Pseudomonas syringae var. garceae, um patogênico de folhas de café, como INA+. Pseudomonas syringae var syringae comporta-se com menor efficiência de INA comparando-a à var. garceae (-5oC contra -4oC). Esta última variedade também causa a doença denominada de “mancha aureolada”. A segunda categoria apresentou uma parcial atividade de nucleação de gelo, incluindo duas outras bacterias: Pantoea agglomerans (conhecida por ter INA+) e Corynebacterium, ambas com pontos de congelamento entre -7oC e -10oC. A terceira categoria apresentou nenhuma atividade nucleadora (INA-), com pontos de congelamento abaixo de -11oC, incluindo-se todas bacterias e fungos. Adicionalmente, H.vastatrix, o fungo responsavel pela ferrugem de café, o qual já causa enormes prejuízos aos agricultores, pode estar associado à bactérias INA+, gerando geada. Estes resultados necessitam melhor averiguamento tentando esclarecer como esta associação poderia ocorrer. Portanto, duas doenças de plantações de café, a ferrugem e a mancha aureolada, e a presença da bactéria Pantoea agglomerans podem estar diretamente e indiretamente associados à atividade de nucleação de gelo, demandando maior controle biológico, particularmente durante o inverno devido à possibidade de danos por geada.Downloads
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