Larvicidal activity of the Total Alkaloid Fraction of Prosopis julIflora (SW) D.C. leaves on Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) larvae: an experimental and statistical approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X87446Keywords:
Aedes aegypti, Piperidine, Dengue, Larvicide, Prosopis julifloraAbstract
Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is responsible for several epidemics of dengue, chikungunya, Zika virus, and urban yellow fever, with vector control being the best way to combat the insect. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the total alkaloid fraction extracted from the leaves of Prosopis juliflora on A. aegypti larvae at the L3 stage. The total alkaloid fraction was obtained using the methodology described by Tabosa et al, 2000. The bioassays were conducted in a completely randomized design following methodology adapted from the World Health Organization et al, 2005 and Cruz et al, 2019 with seven treatment groups: four test groups corresponding to the alkaloid extract at concentrations of 70, 140, 280, and 560 ppm, a control group (no substance), and two reference standards formulated by the larvicides Pyriproxyfen at 2.0 ppm and NatularTM DT Espinosade® at 0.52 ppm. The results were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier test with GraphPad Prism Software 8.0.1 for Windows. It was observed that the plant extracts significantly reduced both the survival probability and the lifespan of A. aegypti larvae compared to the control (log-rank test, χ² = 292.4; df = 4; p < 0.0001). Severe malnutrition, paralysis, and convulsions were observed prior to death, with the greatest larvicidal activity occurring within the first 60 hours of exposure.
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