[Retratação] - Olhando através do ideal americano: a política do humor violento em As aventuras de Huckleberry Finn.

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

Focalização, Grotesco, Humor, Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Violência

Resumen

Huckleberry Finn é o auge do humor americano e o humor violento do romance critica os valores morais da sociedade americana. Apesar do riso estar presente na superfície, por trás da história há um humor amargo que ataca e rompe diferentes sistemas de valores. Além do humor extremamente violento, o grotesco se apresenta como uma das outras estratégias que auxiliam o humor no cumprimento de sua missão política. A estratégica colaboração do humor violento com o grotesco e a narração resulta na libertação de uma mentalidade estática por parte dos leitores. Huck Finn efetivamente revela o caráter espúrio do ideal americano, apesar de suas alegações de ser genuíno através da justaposição de personagens, mundos e vidas heterogêneos que revelam a crueza da vida cotidiana. Para este fim, as teorias do humor de estudiosos como Plaza, Walker, Cox e Camfield e as teorias da violência de Zizek, Schinkel e Galtung são utilizadas para esclarecer o mecanismo interconectado do humor, da violência e do grotesco em atacar os sistemas de valores pútridos. O humor violento alinhado com a focalização do romance através de Huck, um narrador ingênuo, destaca a disparidade entre o ideal americano e as realidades da vida que libertam os leitores de visões opiáceas da sociedade e lhes dão uma visão clara, livre de sistemas de valores tendenciosos.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Navid Etedali, University of Tehran

University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Citas

ARENDT, Hannah. On Violence, Harcoute Brace Jovanovich, 1970.

BAKHTIN, Mikhail. M. “Introduction.” Rabelais and His World, Translated by Tvorchestvo Fransua Rabl, Midland Book, 1984, pp. 1-59.

BLOOM, Harold. “Introduction.” Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 2005, pp. 7-10.

CAMFIELD, Gregg. “Humorneutics.” Necessary Madness: The Humor of Domesticity in Nineteenth-Century American Literature, by Gregg Camfield, Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 150–185.

CARROLL, Noël. “Horror and Humor.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, vol. 57, no. 2, 1999, pp. 145–160.

COHEN, Ted. “Humor.” Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, Routledge, 2001, pp. 375–383.

COX, James M. “Attacks on the Ending and Twain's Attack on Conscience.” Mark Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, edited by Gerald Graff and James Phelan, Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1995, pp. 305–312.

COX, James M. “Southwestern Vernacular.” Mark Twain: The Fate of Humor, by James Melville. Cox, University of Missouri Press, 2002, pp. 156–185.

COX, James. M. “Humor of the Old Southwest.” The Comic Imagination in American Literature, by L. D. Rubin, Voice of America, 1974, pp. 105-116.

COX, James. M. “Mark Twain: The Height of Humor.” The Comic Imagination in American Literature, by L. D. Rubin, Voice of America, 1974, pp. 145-154.

DUNCAN, Jeffrey L. “The Empirical and the Ideal in Mark Twain.” PMLA, vol. 95, no. 2, 1980, pp. 201–212.

DUNN, Michael. “Calvinist Humor.” Calvinist Humor in American Literature, by Michael Dunn, Louisiana State University Press, 2007, pp. 1-22.

EGAN, Michael. “Michael Egan on Huck’s Language Conventions.” Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 2005, pp. 52-55.

EMERSON, Everett. “Everett Emerson on The Complexity of Huck’s Character.” Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 2005, pp. 65-68.

GaALTUNG, Johan. “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research.” Journal of Peace Research, vol. 6, no. 3, Sage Publications, 1969, pp. 167-19.

GÖTZ, Ignacio L. “The Structure of Humor.” Faith, Humor, and Paradox, by Ignacio L. Götz, Praeger, 2002, pp. 81–93.

GRIBBEN, Alan. “The Importance of Mark Twain.” American Humor, by Arthur P. Dudden, Oxford University Press, 1987, pp. 24–49.

HURLEY, Matthew M., et al. “A Brief History of Humor Theories.” Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind, MIT Press, 2011, pp. 37–57.

KEOUGH, William. “The Violence of American Humor.” What's so Funny?: Humor in American Culture, by Nancy A. Walker, Scholarly Resources, 1998, pp. 133-145.

LESTER, Julius. “Morality and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” Mark Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, edited by Gerald Graff and James Phelan, Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1995, pp. 340–348.

LOWE, John. “Theories of Ethnic Humor: How to Enter, Laughing.” American Quarterly, vol. 38, no. 3, 1986, pp. 439–460.

MARX, Leo. “Mr. Eliot, Mr. Trilling, and Huckleberry Finn.” Mark Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, edited by Gerald Graff and James Phelan, Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1995, pp. 290–305.

Mc ELROY, Bernard. “The Grotesque and the Modern Grotesque.” Fiction of the Modern Grotesque, New York, Macmillan Publishers, 1989, pp. 1-30.

MORREALL, John. Comic Relief: A Comprehensive Philosophy of Humor, Wiley, 2011.

PLAZA, Maria. “Introduction.” The function of Humor in Roman Verse Satire: Laughing and Lying. Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 1-37.

RUBIN, L. D. “Introduction: The Great American Joke.” The Comic Imagination in American Literature, by L. D. Rubin, Voice of America, 1974, pp. 3–17.

SCHINKEL, Willem. “The concept and Observation of Violence.” Aspects of Violence: A Critical Theory, Netherlands, Palgrave/ Macmillan, 2010, pp.3-84.

TRABER, Daniel S. “Hegemony and the Politics of Twain's Protagonist/Narrator Division in ‘Huckleberry Finn.’” South Central Review, vol. 17, no. 2, 2000, pp. 24–46.

TWAIN, Mark. Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. Wordsworth Classics, 1992.

WALKER, Nanncy A. “Introduction: What Is Humor? Why American Humor?” What's so Funny?: Humor in American Culture, by Nancy A. Walker, Scholarly Resources, 1998, pp. 3–67.

ZIZEK, Slavoj. Violence: Six Sideways Reflections, United States, Picador,2008.

Publicado

2024-09-03

Cómo citar

Etedali, N. (2024). [Retratação] - Olhando através do ideal americano: a política do humor violento em As aventuras de Huckleberry Finn . Literatura E Autoritarismo, (43). Recuperado a partir de https://periodicos.ufsm.br/LA/article/view/88833