Leo Strauss sobre o Problema de Sócrates em "As Nuvens"
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2357797589752Palavras-chave:
Problema de Sócrates, Racionalidade, Filosofia e poesia, Trágico e cômico, Leo StraussResumo
A comédia As Nuvens, de Aristófanes, é uma das principais fontes históricas diretas disponíveis sobre Sócrates, ao lado dos diálogos socráticos de Platão e Xenofonte. No entanto, a representação de Sócrates em As Nuvens difere substancialmente das representações de Sócrates nos textos de Platão e Xenofonte. Para Leo Strauss, essas representações foram respostas a Aristófanes e foram construídas em torno do “problema de Sócrates”, ou seja, o problema do lugar da racionalidade na vida humana e a relação tensa entre filosofia e sociedade, questões que aparecem entrelaçadas com o conflito entre filosofia e poesia. Segundo Strauss, haveria um grande acordo subjacente entre Aristófanes, Platão e Xenofonte acerca da assombrosa falta de prudência de Sócrates. Para eles, Sócrates seria um puro homem teórico e apolítico que ignorava perigosamente a força do alogon na vida social e política. Platão e Xenofonte seriam mais prudentes que Sócrates, mais conscientes dos limites da razão na vida social e política, e teriam construído um Sócrates mais prudente e respeitável aos olhos da cidade com o objetivo de salvar a filosofia da repressão da cidade e salvar a cidade dos efeitos corruptores da filosofia. Nesse movimento, a filosofia se torna filosofia política e se reconcilia de certa maneira com a poesia, incorporando o trágico e o cômico em uma unidade superior irônica.
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