Sobre a modernidade: a compreensão crítica de Leo Strauss
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5902/2357797589749Mots-clés :
Modernidade, Leo Strauss, Positivismo, Historicismo, Democracia liberalRésumé
No bojo de seu projeto de resgate da filosofia política clássica, Leo Strauss acabou por consagrar-se como um severo crítico da modernidade. Sua problemática de pesquisa parte da constatação de que há uma “crise” na modernidade. Portanto, a compreensão do pensamento de Strauss passa, necessariamente, pela compreensão do fenômeno que ele buscava criticar. A presente pesquisa almeja explorar não apenas o que Strauss efetivamente entendia por modernidade – um fenômeno que, para negar a filosofia política clássica, se apresentava em três diferentes ondas –, mas também pretende explicitar os elementos centrais do fenômeno moderno na leitura feita por Strauss, onde se destacam o positivismo, o historicismo e também o niilismo. Assim, o artigo, por meio da análise da obra de Strauss, em diálogo com o trabalho de comentadores, pretende apresentar um panorama geral da mentalidade filosófica moderna da forma como Strauss a compreendia e descrevia. Contudo, a compreensão da crítica à modernidade, em Strauss, se revelava, paradoxalmente, como uma defesa de um regime moderno: a democracia liberal poderia redimir a modernidade, mas ela devia sua sólida fundamentação ao pensamento político clássico. Era o que Strauss buscava demonstrar, desafiando a ciência política dominante em seu tempo. Portanto, veremos que Strauss, ao propor o retorno aos clássicos, em verdade, articulava a defesa – e não a rejeição – da moderna democracia liberal.
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