The contribution of emerging technologies to crime prevention

Abstract

Technological transformation in the security environment is progressively shifting crime prevention from a predominantly reactive logic towards models based on data, anticipation, intelligence and near-real-time response. This article examines the contribution of emerging technologies to crime prevention, focusing on artificial intelligence, big data, predictive analytics, intelligence-led policing, forensic intelligence and biometric identification. Based on the changing security paradigm, the article argues that these technologies can strengthen pattern detection, resource allocation, information sharing and risk anticipation. However, their benefits are not automatic: they depend on data quality, institutional capacity, system interoperability, professional expertise, human oversight and effective legal and ethical safeguards. The study adopts a qualitative, theoretical-analytical methodology grounded in bibliographic review and documentary analysis. The discussion is also situated in the Global South, where technological adoption faces constraints related to infrastructure, data availability, skills and regulatory capacity. The main conclusion is that technology should be understood as an institutional capability rather than merely as the acquisition of equipment or software. Sustainable crime prevention therefore requires inclusive governance, international cooperation, capacity building and technological autonomy, while ensuring that the pursuit of security remains compatible with privacy, proportionality, equality and fundamental rights.

Keywords: Emerging technologies; crime prevention; artificial intelligence; big data; predictive policing.