DANOS ÀS ÁRVORES REMANESCENTES POR QUATRO SISTEMAS DE COLHEITA MECANIZADA NO DESBASTE COMERCIAL DE <i>Pinus radiata</i>
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509833386Palavras-chave:
equipamento de colheita, dano no tronco, lesões, época de colheita.Resumo
Quatro sistemas de colheita de madeira foram avaliados nas atividades de desbaste de povoamentos de Pinus radiata (harvester-forwarder, motosserra-skidder, motosserra-carregadora de três rodas e motosserra-yarder), considerando seu impacto no percentual de árvores e superfície afetada. Adicionalmente, foi analisado o efeito combinado do sistema colheita e estação do ano (verão e inverno), na incidência e área de injúria, e sua relação com o diâmetro das árvores. Entre os sistemas de colheita estudados, aqueles que utilizaram motosserra-yarder e harvester-forwarder tiveram maior incidência de injúria mecânica nas árvores, atingindo 34,5% e 32,2%, respectivamente; como também em uma maior área injuriada por árvore com 349.7 e 427.2 cm2, respectivamente. A estação do ano para as operações de colheita foi um fator que aumentou significativamente o número de árvores com algum nível de injúria, variando entre 27,1% no inverno e 10,1% no verão. Entretanto, o estudo mostrou também que a extração da árvore com o forwarder e yarder tem um alto potencial de dano residual no povoamento, sendo que sua estrutura não foi afetada pelo desbaste mecanizado, porque foram danificadas árvores em todas as classes de tamanho.
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