Dieffenbachia ssp. toxicity: a narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X94951Keywords:
Dieffenbachia spp, Ornamental plants, Poisoning, Comigo-ninguém-podeAbstract
Dieffenbachia spp., commonly known as "comigo-ninguém-pode" in Brazil, is a widely cultivated ornamental plant. Despite its popularity, the plant poses significant toxic risks, particularly to children. The plant's toxicity is primarily due to calcium oxalate crystals and other toxic substances, which can cause severe irritation and, in some cases, life threatening symptoms. This narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the toxicity of Dieffenbachia picta, including its toxic compounds, mechanisms of action, and clinical manifestations. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies related to the toxicity of Dieffenbachia spp. The review highlights that Dieffenbachia picta can cause severe local damage to tissues upon contact, primarily due to calcium oxalate raphides. These needle-like crystals penetrate the mucous membranes, leading to intense pain, inflammation, and, in some cases, respiratory distress. Although treatments are available, prevention of exposure, especially in households with children, remains crucial. Given the widespread use of Dieffenbachia picta as an ornamental plant and the potential risks associated with its toxicity, increased public awareness and preventive measures are necessary to reduce the incidence of poisoning.
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