Isolation of Cryptococcus spp. from several environmental niches in São Luís, MA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X41210Keywords:
Mycoses, Pigeons, Cryptococcus spp.Abstract
Cryptococcosis is an invasive mycosis triggered by a complex of fungal pathogens present in various environmental niches. Cryptococcus neoformans, C. gattii, and emerging pathogens such as C. laurentii and C. albidus are found in aged excreta of Columba livia (pigeon), its natural disseminator. As the pigeon population has increased in São Luís, the objective of this research was to demonstrate the presence of Cryptococcus spp. in the excreta of C. livia in public environments. Twenty-three samples were collected at 14 sites, dispensed into conical tubes, homogenized with saline and chloramphenicol, and allowed to rest until processing. Twenty-four hours after collection, aliquots were distributed in a fungal culture medium and incubated. The macromorphological examination revealed levaduriform, mucoid, bright, isolated colonies compatible with Cryptococcus spp. In the micromorphological examination, 11 of the 23 samples (42.85%) showed the presence of cells with a thick, refringent capsule and mucopolysaccharide around the blastoconidia, typical of Cryptococcus spp. fungi. The other samples (57.14%) were negative for the fungus. The environmental isolation of this fungus in public areas is relevant to public health since the growing pigeon population in São Luís increases the risk of exposure and infection by dispersion of infectious propagules in the environment.
Downloads
References
BARONI FA et al. Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from church towers in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, v. 48, n. 2, p. 71-75, 2006.
BOEKHOUT T et al. Hybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology, v. 147, n. 4, p. 891-907, 2001.
CHAKRABARTI A et al. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus camaldulensis in India. J. Clin. Microbiol. v. 35, n. 12, p. 3340-3342, 1997.
CHAYAKULKEEREE M; GHANNOUM MA; PERFECT JR. Zygomycosis: the re-emerging fungal infection. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, v. 25, n. 4, p. 215-229, 2006.
CORREA WM; CORREA CM. Paratifos em geral. Enfermidades infecciosas dos mamíferos domésticos, v. 2, p. 167-174, 1992.
CORRÊA MPS et al. Criptococose em crianças no Estado do Pará, Brasil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. Brasília (DF). Vol. 32, n. 5 (set.-out. 1999), p. 505-508, 1999.
DEL VALLE L; PINA-OVIEDO S. HIV disorders of the brain: pathology and pathogenesis. Front Biosci 11: 718- 732, 2006.
FILIÚ WFO et al. Cativeiro de aves como fonte de Cryptococcus neoformans na cidade de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. 2002.
FRANZOT SP; SALKIN IF; CASADEVALL A. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates. Journal of clinical microbiology, v. 37, n. 3, p. 838-840, 1999.
HAGEN F et al. Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. Fungal Genetics and Biology, v. 78, p. 16-48, 2015.
INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATISTICA – IBGE. Disponível em: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/ . Acessado em 21 de maio de 2019. IBGE cidades, Censo 2010.
LACAZ CS et al. Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii serotype B, in an immunocompetent patient. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, v. 44, n. 4, p. 225-228, 2002.
LEMOS JA et al. AntifungalactivityfromOcimumgratissimum L. towardsCryptococcus neoformans. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v. 100, n. 1, p. 55-58, 2005.
LAZERA MS et al. Possible primary ecological niche of Cryptococcus neoformans. Medical mycology, v. 38, n. 5, p. 379-383, 2000.LIN X H J.Cryptococcus neoformans: Morphogenesis, infection, and evolution. 9:401- 416, 2009.
LAZÉRA MS et al. Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii em oco de oiti, em Teresina, Piauí. 1995.
KIDD SE et al. A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., v. 101, p. 17258-17263, 2004.
KWON-CHUNG; KYUNG J; BENNETT JE. Medical mycology. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, v. 34, n. 6, p. 504-504, 1992.
KWON-CHUNG;KYUNG J; VARMA A. Do major species concepts support one, two or more species within Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Yeast Research, v. 6, n. 4, p. 574-587, 2006.
MACDOUGALL L et al. Risk factors for Cryptococcus gattii infection, britishcolumbia, canada. Emerging infectious diseases, v. 17, n. 2, p. 193, 2011.
MAY RC et al. Cryptococcus: from environmental saprophyte to global pathogen. Nature Reviews Microbiology, v. 14, n. 2, p. 106, 2016.
MIRANDA C; LADENDORFF N; KNÖBL T. Percepção da população sobre a participação dos pombos (Columba livia doméstica) na transmissão de zoonoses. Atas de Saúde Ambiental-ASA (ISSN 2357-7614), v. 2, n. 1, p. 23-28, 2014.
SCHULLER M. Pombos urbanos: um caso de saúde pública. Sociedade Brasileira de Controle de Contaminação, v. 29, p. 32-37, 2005.
STAIB F. Saprophytic life of Cryptococcus neoformans. Ann Soc Bel de MédTrop 1964; 44:611-18.
SWINNE D; BAUVERNS L; DESMET P. More information about the natuarl habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans. Newsletter International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, v.60,n.9, p.4, 1992.
TRILLES L et al. Regional pattern of the molecular types of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v. 103, n. 5, p. 455-462, 2008.
Published
Versions
- 2022-06-21 (2)
- 2020-12-31 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Ciência e Natura
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
To access the DECLARATION AND TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT LICENSE click here.
Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication
The Ciência e Natura journal is committed to ensuring ethics in publication and quality of articles.
Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: Authors, Editors, Reviewers, and the Publisher.
In particular,
Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review Articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The Authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. The corresponding Author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all Co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.
Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An Editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the Author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.
Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that Authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected Reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the Editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.