Hearing screening in public school preschool child: analysis of social determinants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2236583467686Keywords:
Hearing, Preschool child, Hearing tests, Social determinants of health, ChildAbstract
Purpose: To describe the hearing screening results of preschoolers, as well as to verify the relationship between the hearing tests and social determinants of health. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive, explanatory research with a cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 186 children from a public school, 89 females and 97 males aged between two and six years. The hearing screening was composed of: meatoscopy, tympanometry, auditory airway threshold screening at the frequencies of 500 Hz to 4000 Hz and recording and analysis of Transient Otoacoustic Emissions (TOAE). As “pass” criteria, the following aspects were considered: normal meatoscopy, tympanometric curve of type A, normal auditory thresholds at all frequencies and presence of TOAE on both ears. Failing to accomplish at least one of the procedures was considered as a “fail” in the screening. As for the social determinants of health, a questionnaire prepared by the authors and the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria was sent to the student. Descriptive analyzes and the following tests for associations were performed: Wilcoxon, chi-squared and Fisher’s exact. Results: 100 (53,8%) children “failed” the hearing screening. Tympanometry was the procedure in which the greater failing index was observed, followed by meatoscopy. Regarding the social determinants of health, no statistically significant association was observed between the social variables and the screening outcomes. Final considerations: A high index of “fail” was evidenced in the hearing screening, in which the predominant reason for the occurrence of such result was the presence of tympanometric curves from type B and/or C. The social determinants of health did not appear to be associated with the results of the hearing screening.
Downloads
References
Sugaya A, Fukushima K, Takao S, Kasai N, Maeda Y, Fujiyoshi A, et al. Impact of reading and writing skills on academic achievement among school-aged hearing-impaired children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019; 126: 109619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109619. PMID: 31398591.
Elbeltagy R. Prevalence of Mild Hearing Loss in Schoolchildren and its association with their School Performance. Int Archives of Otorhinolaryngol. 2020; 24 (1): e93-e98. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1695024. PMID: 31892964.
American Academy of Audiology [Internet]. Childhood Hearing Screening Guidelines. September 2011 [Access in: april 14, 2020]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/documents/aaa_childhood-hearing-guidelines_2011.pdf
Conselho Federal de Fonoaudiologia [Internet]. Resolução nº 621, de 28 de maio de 2021. Dispõe sobre a atuação do Fonoaudiólogo no rastreio auditivo escolar. Brasília, DF. [Access in: october 31, 2022]. Available from: https://www.fonoaudiologia.org.br/resolucoes/resolucoes_html/CFFa_N_621_21.htm
American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: Otitis media with effusion. Pediatrics. 2004; 113(5): 1412‐1429. doi: 10.1542/peds.113.5.14. PMID: 15121966.
Bellussi L, Mandalà M, Passàli FM, Passàli GC, Lauriello M, Passali D. Quality of life and psycho-social development in children with otitis media with effusion. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2005; 25(6):359‐364. PMID: 16749604.
Borges LR, Paschoal JR, Colella-Santos MF. (Central) Auditory Processing: the impact of otitis media. Clinics. 2013; 68(7): 954–959. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2013(07)11. PMID: 23917659.
Nunes AD, Silva CR, Balen SA, Souza DL, Barbosa IR. Prevalence of hearing impairment and associated factors in school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2019; 85(2): 244-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.10.009. PMID: 30555026.
Castagno LA, Lavinsky L. Otitis media in children: seasonal changes and socioeconomic level. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 2002; 62 (2): 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-5876(01)00607-3. PMID: 11788145.
Czechowicz JA, Messner AH, Alarcon-Matutti E, Alarcon J, Quinones-Calderon G, Montano S, et al. Hearing impairment and poverty: The epidemiology of ear disease in Peruvian schoolchildren. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2010; 142(2): 272- 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.10.040 PMID: 20115987.
Yun C, Wang Z, Gao J, He P, Guo C, Chen G, Zheng X. Prevalence and social risk factors for hearing impairment in Chinese children - A national survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2017; 14 (1): 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010088. PMID: 2810681.
Pereira S, Carvalho A, Gonzalez AE, Alves J, Goulart L, Lemos S. Triagem auditiva na educação infantil: associação com determinantes de saúde. Distúrbios da Comunicação. 2019; 31:285-296. https://doi.org/10.23925/2176-2724.2019v31i2p285-296.
Biblioteca virtual em saúde [Internet]. Descritores em saúde. São Paulo, 2020. [Access in: may 20, 2020]. Available from: http://decs.bvs.br/cgi-bin/wxis1660.exe/decsserver/.
Jerger, J. Clinical experience with impedance audiometry. Arch Otolaryng. 1970;92(1):311-24.DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1970.04310040005002 PMID: 5455571
ABEP [Internet]. Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil. Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. 2018. [Access in: april 13, 2020]. Available from: http://www.abep.org/criterio-brasil.
Hoff E. [Internet]. Desenvolvimento da linguagem nos primeiros anos de vida: mecanismos de aprendizagem e resultados do nascimento aos cinco anos de idade. Desenvolvimento da linguagem e alfabetização. Florida, EUA. 2009. [Access in: may 04, 2020]. Available from: http://www.enciclopedia-crianca.com/sites/default/files/textes-experts/pt-pt/2462/desenvolvimento-da-linguagem-nos-primeiros-anos-de-vida-mecanismos-de-aprendizagem-e-resultados-do-nascimento-aos-cinco-anos-de-idade.pdf.
Balen SA, Bretzke L, Mottecy CM, Liebel G, Boeno MRM, Gondim LMA. Resolução temporal de crianças: comparação entre audição normal, perda auditiva condutiva e distúrbio do processamento auditivo. Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol. 2009; 75 (1): 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-72992009000100020.
Lindau TA, Delecrode CR, Cardoso ACV. Timpanometria em um grupo de escolares. Rev. CEFAC. 2013; 15 (6): 1453-1460. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462013005000036.
Farias VV, Camboim ED, Azevedo MF, Marques LR. Occurrence of hearing screening faults in students. Rev. CEFAC. 2012; 14(6): 1090-1095. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462012005000013.
Sheikh NA, Nadeem K. Comparison of seasonal prevalence of Otitis media with effusion (OME) in mentally handicapped versus normal school-going children. Professional Med J. 2020. 27(2): 309-316. https://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2020.27.02.3570.
Skarzynski H, Gos E, Swierniak W, Skarzynski PH. Prevalence of hearing loss among polish school-age children from rural areas – Results of hearing screening program in the sample of 67 416 children. Int Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngo. 2020; 128: 109676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109676 PMID: 31563753.
Hoberman A, Marchant CD, Kaplan SL, Feldman S. Treatment of Acute Otitis Media Consensus Recommendations. Clinical Pediatrics. 2002; 41(6): 373–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992280204100602. PMID: 12166789.
Kaspar A, Newton O, Kei J, Driscoll C, Swanepoel DW, Goulios H. Prevalence of ear disease and associated hearing loss among primary school students in the Solomon Islands: Otitis media still a major public health issue. Int Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngo. 2018; 113: 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.08.004. PMID: 3017399.
Niclasen J, Obel C, Korvel-Hanquist A, Dammeyer J. Associations between otitis media and child behavioural and learning difficulties: Results from a Danish cohort. Int Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngo. 2016; 84: 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.02.017. PMID: 27063746.
Khavarghazalani B, Farahani F, Emadi M, Hosseni Dastgerdi Z. Auditory processing abilities in children with chronic otitis media with effusion. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2016; 136(5): 456–459. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016489.2015.1129552. PMID: 26881324.
Ertzgaard SI, Kristin N, Sofie T, Sindberg HG, Bang HT, Cosmas M, et al. Prevalence of hearing impairment among primary school children in the Kilimanjaro region within Tanzania. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2020; 130: 109797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109797. PMID: 31816514.
Organização Mundial de Saúde – OMS [Internet]. Hearing loss grades. 2014. [Access in: may 08, 2020]. Available from: http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/hearing_impairment_grades/en/
Brasil. Lei n° 10.836/04 de 9 de janeiro de 2004 [Internet]. [Access in: 01 julho, 2020] Available from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2004/Lei/L10.836.htm.
Brasil. Lei nº 12.303, de 2 de agosto de 2010 [Internet]. [Access in: may 08, 2020]. Available from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/Lei/L12303.htm.
Brasil. Decreto nº 6.286, de 5 de dezembro de 2007 [Internet]. [Access in: may 08, 2020]. Available from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/decreto/d6286.htm.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Saúde (Santa Maria)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A Declaração de Direito Autoral e os itens a serem observados podem ser visualizados no seguinte link: http://cascavel.ufsm.br/revistas/ojs-2.2.2/index.php/seculoxxi/information/sampleCopyrightWording
