Biodegradação e biotransformação de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo: progresso, perspectivas e desafios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2236117069288Palavras-chave:
Hidrocarbonetos de petróleo, Impactos ecológicos, BiorremediaçãoResumo
O petróleo é considerado a principal fonte de energia, sendo essencial para a realização de diversas atividades industriais. No entanto, é prejudicial ao meio ambiente, pois além da liberação de gases poluentes durante a combustão, sua exploração envolve riscos de contaminação da água, por meio de vazamentos. Poluentes de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo fazem parte dos compostos recalcitrantes e sua eliminação do meio ambiente causa enormes impactos ecológicos. A restauração desses ambientes não é um desafio trivial, pois a degradação natural, sem envolvimento antropogênico, depende da natureza, composição, propriedades físicas e químicas desses compostos. Assim, a biorremediação surge como alternativa no processo de biodegradação através da adição de microrganismos, nutrientes ou outras substâncias que causam e aceleram a descontaminação. As vantagens desses métodos envolvem eficiência e baixo custo, quando comparados a outras tecnologias. Este trabalho reúne conhecimentos sobre as perspectivas de aplicação de sistemas de biorremediação na recuperação de ambientes poluídos por hidrocarbonetos de petróleo, discutindo avanços, perspectivas e desafios.
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