Fardos coloniais e a dívida externa como ferramenta de dominação sobre países africanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2357797594104Palavras-chave:
Dívida externa, Colonização, Arquitetura financeira internacional, DominaçãoResumo
Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a dinâmica da dívida externa em países africanos, levando em consideração as dimensões históricas da colonização e suas múltiplas consequências sociais, econômicas e ambientais para o atual desenvolvimento desses países. Argumenta-se, em primeiro lugar, a existência de uma hierarquia racializada institucionalizada na arquitetura financeira internacional a qual (re)produz desigualdades por meio de um conjunto de estruturas, mecanismos e políticas financeiras que atendem aos interesses dos países do Norte Global. Em segundo lugar, a dívida externa africana é tanto um fardo colonial quanto uma ferramenta de dominação, que impede os países africanos de alcançar autonomia econômica no mundo contemporâneo. Em nível metodológico, adotou-se uma abordagem interpretativa e transversal do elemento racial para investigar os impactos discriminatórios e diferenciados da dívida externa. A análise utilizou as ideias de legados coloniais e racialização como categorias analíticas, ligadas a uma fundamentação teórica crítica com dados empíricos recentes, expostos em uma série de relatórios oficiais de organizações intergovernamentais e de entidades não-governamentais especializadas. Concluiu-se que a racialização é um elemento fundamental nas relações de poder que estruturam e orientam a AFI. Ao mesmo tempo, a dívida externa funciona como um instrumento eficaz de controle sobre os países africanos, que transforma a vulnerabilidade em risco financeiro e o risco em lucro. Isso demonstra como um sistema global de dívida transforma o racismo histórico em uma estrutura econômica de exclusão contínua.
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