Who is a refugee? The motive of double standard in French- and Dutch-speaking media during the war in Ukraine
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179219474077Mots-clés :
Ukraine, Corpus Linguistics, Media Discourse, Migration Studies, RefugeeRésumé
The invasion of Ukraine triggered an unprecedented reaction of solidarity from European governments. This article aims at studying the discursive moment of the war in Ukraine, with a focus on the debate that compared the reception of Ukrainians in the present day and of other refugees in 2015. The goal is twofold: first, to objectify the initial intuition that Ukrainians were unanimously considered as deserving refugees; second, to examine the arguments that underlaid this framing. To achieve this goal, a large corpus of media discourse covering three European neighbouring countries (Belgium, France and the Netherlands) was collected and analysed through Corpus Linguistics.
Téléchargements
Références
Akoka, K. L’asile et l’exil: une histoire de la distinction réfugiés/migrants. Paris: La Découverte, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.akoka.2020.01
Aprile, S. Des exilés de 1789 aux exilés d’aujourd’hui. In: Calabrese, L. and Veniard, M. (Eds.), Penser les mots, dire la migration: Louvain-La-Neuve: Academia, p. 107-112, 2018.
Baker, P.; Gabrielatos, C.; Khosravinik, M.; Krzyzanowski, M.; McEnery, T. & Wodak, R. A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press, Discourse Society, n.19, p. 273-306, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926508088962
Baker, P. & McEnery, T. A corpus-based approach to discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in UN and newspaper texts, Journal of language and politics, n. 4(2), p. 197-226, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.4.2.04bak
Berry, M., Garcia-Blanco, I. & Moore, K. Press coverage of the refugee and migrant crisis in the EU: A content analysis of five European countries. [Project Report]. Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2016. Retrieved at: <http://www.unhcr.org/56bb369c9.html> Accessed on 10/1/2023.
Calabrese, L. Faut-il dire migrant ou réfugié ? Conflit lexico-sémantique autour d’un problème public, Langages, n. 210, p. 105-122, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/lang.210.0105
Calabrese, L. & Veniard, M. Penser les mots, dire la migration. Louvain-La-Nevue: Academia, p. 9-31, 2018.
Chouliaraki, L. & Zaborowski, R. Voice and community in the 2015 refugee crisis: A content analysis of news coverage in eight European countries, International Communication Gazette, n. 79, p. 613-635, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048517727173
Corneloup, S. Sur la protection temporaire des personnes déplacées en provenance d’Ukraine, Revue critique de droit international privé, vol. 2, n. 2, p. 439-442, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/rcdip.222.0439
d’Haenens, L.; Heindryckx, F. & Joris, W. Images of Immigrants and Refugees in Western Europe: Media Representations. Public Opinion and Refugees’ Experiences, Leuven: Leuven University Press, p. 39-56, 2019.
De Cleen, B.; Zienkowski, J.; Smets, K.; Dekie, A. & Vandevoordt, R. Constructing the “refugee crisis” in flanders. Continuities and adaptations of discourses on asylum and migration. In: Barlai, M.; Fähnrich, B.; Griessler, C. & Rhomberg, M. (ed.). The migrant crisis: European perspectives and national discourses. Zurich: Lit Verlag, p. 59-78, 2017.
Gabrielatos, C. & Baker, P. Fleeing, Sneaking, Flooding. A corpus Analysis of Discursive Constructions of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK Press, 1996-2005. Journal of English Linguistics, 36(1), p. 5-38, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424207311247
Gakis, S. L’activation de la directive « Protection temporaire » : l’apport d’un instrument sui generis à la protection des personnes déplacées, Revue trimestrielle des droits de l'Homme, vol. 132, n. 4, p. 771-794, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/rtdh.132.0771
Hermand, M.-H. Traitement de données issues d’un corpus écrit multilingue. Approche agile pour l’analyse du discours eurorégional, Colloque Jeunes Chercheurs du Laboratoire ICAR, 2015. Retrieved at: <https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2015/07/shsconf_icodoc2015_01009.pdf> Accessed on 16/1/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20152001009
Holmes, S. M. & Castañeda, H. Representing the “European refugee crisis” in Germany and beyond: Deservingness and difference, life and death, American Ethnologist, n. 43(1), p. 12-24, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12259
Krzyzanowski, M.; Triandafyllidou, A. & Wodak, R. The mediatization and the politicization of the ‘refugee crisis’ in Europe. Journal of immigrant & refugee studies, n. 16, p. 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2017.1353189
Krieg-Planque, A. Lutter au sujet du langage fait partie du combat idéologique, Agir par la culture, n. 53, 2018, Retrieved at: <https://www.agirparlaculture.be/alice-krieg-planque-lutter-au-sujet-du-langage-fait-partie-du-combat-ideologique> Accessed on 14/3/2020.
Longhi, J. Stabilité et instabilité dans la production du sens : la nomination en discours, Langue française, n. 4(188), p. 5-14, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/lf.188.0005
McCombs, M. & Shaw, D. The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media, Public Opinion Quarterly, n. 36(2), p.176-187, 1972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/267990
Mistiaen, V. Naming people on the move according to the political agenda: a study of Belgian Media, Discourse & Communication, n. 15(3), p. 308-329, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481321989844
Mistiaen, V. Beyond migrant and refugee dichotomy: a discursive analysis of media discourse in French and Dutch. PhD thesis in information and communication sciences. Brussels: Université libre de Bruxelles, 2023, forthcoming.
Mistiaen, V.; Calabrese, L. & De Cleen, B. The representation of the migrant crisis in Belgian media. The localized coverage of an international issue. In: Fabian, A. (Ed.). Discourse on refugees and migrants in the press coverage of European countries - a contrastive approach. Heidelberg: Springer Nature/J.B. Metzler, 2023, forthcoming.
Mondada, L. Construction des objets de discours et catégorisation: une appoche des processus de référenciation, Tranel, n. 23, p. 273-302, 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26034/tranel.1995.2644
Rea, A.; Mazzola, A.; Martiniello, M. & Meuleman, B. The Refugee Reception Crisis in Europe. Polarized Opinions and Mobilizations. Bruxelles: Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2019.
Reisigl, M. & Wodak, R. “Austria first”. A discourse-historical analysis of the Austrian “anti-foreignerpetition” in 1992 and 1993. In: M. Reisigl & R. Wodak (Eds.). The semiotics of racism, approach to Critical Discourse Analysis.Vienna: Passagen Verlag, p. 269-304, 2000.
Rodier, C. Réfugiés d’Ukraine : le « deux poids, deux mesures » de l’Europe, Esprit, n. 5, p. 22-25, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/espri.2205.0022
Siblot, P. Nomination et production de sens: Le praxème, Langages, n. 31(127), p. 38–55, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/lgge.1997.2124
Van Neste-Gottignies, A. Que dit-on aux demandeurs d’asile ? La communication dans l’univers des centres d’accueil en Belgique. PhD thesis in information and communication sciences. Brussels: Université libre de Bruxelles, 2022.
Vertongen, Y. L. & Costa Santos, A. L’accueil des réfugié·es ukrainien·nes en Belgique, La Revue Nouvelle, n.c6(6), p. 59-64, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/rn.224.0059
Wihtol de Wenden, C. Les incommunications de l’Europe sur la crise de l’accueil des migrants et des réfugiés, Hermès, La Revue, n. 77(1), p. 191-197, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/herm.077.0191
Téléchargements
Publiée
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
Ficam concedidos a Fragmentum todos os direitos autorais referentes aos trabalhos publicados. Os originais não devem ter sido publicados ou submetidos simultaneamente a outro periódico e não serão devolvidos. Em virtude de aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, em aplicações educacionais e não comerciais.
